Effect of sand grain size on simulated mining-induced overburden failure in physical model tests

Experimental and Numerical Study of Rock Stratum Movement Characteristics in Longwall Mining

“…Above the fracture zone is a sagging zone, where the rock strata maintains integrity, and there is basically no developed fissure; only the rock layers show an overall tendency to bend and sink. e law of rock stratum fracture is similar to the literature results [19,27].…”

“…Due to the differences in the mechanical characteristics of each rock stratum (such as the degree of joint and rock stratum strength and thickness), the movement and collapse of each rock stratum are different, representing the coordinated movement characteristics of rock stratum. e law of rock stratum subsidence displacement is similar to the literature results [26,27].…”

“…If the similarity coefficient is too large, the model will be larger and cost more. If the similarity coefficient is too small, some monitoring devices are difficult to install and physical parameters of similar materials are inaccurate [26,27]. In similar material experiments, the geometry similarity coefficient of model to prototype is 1/100.…”

Three-Dimensional Physical Model Test Study on Mining-Induced Strata Movement of Open-Pit Final Slope

“…To avoid failure of the contact measurement method owing to a large local deformation of the model, non-contact measurement methods can be used to monitor the deformation and failure of the model, such as 3D laser scanning and digital photogrammetry [18,22,23]. The 3D laser scanner and photogrammeter were used to monitor the surface deformation of the model slope ( Figure 1).…”

“…Two-dimensional model with simplified geological condition is usually constructed in current physical model test, few researchers conduct three-dimensional model test for the difficulty in model construction, in current physical model test both the two-dimensional and threedimensional model can only consider the major structural planes, such as the fault plane and bedding plane, and the widely-distributed joints in rock mass are always ignored or simplified. While, the physical model with no consideration of rock joints is difficult to reflect the influence of rock joints on strata and surface movement [14][15][16][17][18], however, rock joints and their distribution always dominantly control the rock deformation and strata movement caused by mining.…”