Effect of samarium doping on the structural, optical and magnetic properties of sol–gel processed BiFeO3 thin films

Crystal structure refinement, dielectric and magnetic properties of Sm modified BiFeO3 multiferroic

“…The phase pure SM10 sample exhibited a higher remnant magnetization. A similar type of behavior is also reported in Anthonyraj et al [27] for the same composition. The measurement of how well the ions fit into a perovskite unit cell is estimated by the ratio (r Bi + r O )/l where r is the ionic radius of the respective ions and l is the length of the octahedral edge [28].…”

Multiferroic bismuth ferrite-based materials for multifunctional applications: Ceramic bulks, thin films and nanostructures

“…In terms of morphologies, the undoped or ion-modified BFO nanostructures exhibit much better magnetic behavior than the corresponding bulks. 482,672,686,693,700,704,706,712,726,727,731,735 For the compositions, a number of doping elements have been investigated to modify the magnetic properties, such as Ho, 134,148,709 Nb, 158 Cu, 450 Co, [448][449][450]714 Ni, 159,450,451 Sm, 452,453 Y, 454,455 La, [456][457][458]702,703 Cr, 459,460 Eu, 144,[461][462][463][464] Gd, 465,466,466,711,712 Sc, 467 Nd, 468,…”

“…740 There have been studies on the physical mechanisms to explain the enhanced magnetic properties of BFO: (i) coexistence of Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ , 29,90,453,489,634 where Eerenstein et al considered that a substantial Fe 2+ fraction could induce a large saturation magnetization; 90 (ii) structure change, 187,486 where the magnetism of BFO films can be tailored by the structure changes by the addition of different types of dopants at varying concentrations. For example, introducing Pr and Nd favors the ferromagnetism of BFO films due to the development of mixed orthorhombic and tetragonal phases; 356,489 (iii) spatial homogenization of spin arrangement; 32,178,294,476,478,490,491 (iv) distorted spin cycloid structure, 59,134,181,347,453,455,458,481,[492][493][494][495] where for example, the Mn substitution at Fe site could destroy the unique spin cycloid structure and lead to net magnetization; 493 (v) varied canting angle of Fe-O-Fe bond; 187,486 and (vi) addition of magnetic elements or materials, 66,180,376,449,487,488 where for example, Co can improve magnetic properties as a result of the strong magnetic coupling between Fe 3+ and Co 3+ under 180• super-...…”

Synthesis, Characterization, and Photocatalytic Activity of Ba-Doped BiFeO3 Thin Films

“…The spectra of the BBFO films (with 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.05) in the IR (infrared) region were collected at room temperature in the range between 600 and 3000 cm −1 and are shown in the Figure 3. Since the measurements start from 600 cm −1 , the FTIR spectra could not confirm exactly the Fe-O stretching or O-Fe-O bending vibration modes corresponding to the 547 cm −1 and 435 cm −1 respectively [35][36][37][38]. Anyway, the absorption band traces that can be seen around 600 cm −1 make us to assign it to the Fe-O stretching vibrations of FeO 6 group in the perovskite compounds [35].…”