Effect of salt concentration and unfrozen water fraction on the viability of slowly frozen ram spermatozoa

Watson, P. F.; Duncan, A E

doi:10.1016/0011-2240(88)90006-5

Cited by 55 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…as water moved into the cell); this was interpreted as being consistent with damage to spermatozoa during thawing (Gao et al 1993;Holt and North 1994). The effect was not attributable to ionic strength since the same effects could be demonstrated in the presence of NaCl or sucrose (Watson and Duncan 1988) although a differential response was observed by Gao et al (1993) with human spermatozoa. Interestingly, the cells were adversely affected by osmolalities around 2-4 times isosmotic, m 1 (4 of a sufficient magnitude to account for the discrepancy.…”

Section: Studies Of Spermatozoa Addressing Tlze Mechanism(s) Of Cryoimentioning

confidence: 50%

“…They showed that the survival of erythrocytes was correlated with the fraction of water that remained unfrozen independent of the salt concentration. Similar studies with ram spermatozoa were unable to confirm this result (Watson and Duncan 1988), and led to the conclusion that injury from osmotic excursion (Pegg and Diaper 1989) was probably sufficient to account for the cell losses.…”

Section: Theories Of Cryoinjurymentioning

confidence: 71%

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Recent developments and concepts in the cryopreservation of spermatozoa and the assessment of their post-thawing function

1995

Reprod. Fertil. Dev.

913

472

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New research on the cooling and cryopreservation of mammalian spermatozoa is reviewed in the context of the older literature. Cryoinjury to a variety of cell organelles is regarded as being due to the two major stresses of cryopreservation, i.e., the change in temperature, and the formation and dissolution of ice and its consequences. Since the cryopreservation process involves departure of the cells from and return to body temperature, both cold shock and warm shock are included as potential stresses to be considered, as well as the stages involving cooling below the freezing point of the medium. The causes of cryoinjury are reconsidered and new concepts concerning the influence of osmotic stress are presented. Heterogeneity of the sperm population is discussed in the context of the success with which spermatozoa can be cryopreserved between and within ejaculates and individuals. The functional state of frozen and thawed spermatozoa is examined on the basis of published results of structural and functional tests of sperm competence. The hypothesis is advanced that cryopreserved mammalian spermatozoa are in a state resembling capacitation, which accounts for their relatively reduced longevity and their readiness to undergo egg penetration without incubation. The importance of this to the utilization of cryopreserved spermatozoa is examined, and proposals are made for new avenues of research to overcome these problems.

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Section: Studies Of Spermatozoa Addressing Tlze Mechanism(s) Of Cryoimentioning

confidence: 50%

Section: Theories Of Cryoinjurymentioning

confidence: 71%

Recent developments and concepts in the cryopreservation of spermatozoa and the assessment of their post-thawing function

1995

Reprod. Fertil. Dev.

913

472

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Knowledge of these biophysical properties would allow calculating the number of steps, as well as the volumes of the diluent to be added, to minimize the effects of osmotic stress on cells to be cryopreserved. In the present study, similar-to ram spermatozoa, feline sperm responded similarly to both ionic and nonionic solutes based on membrane integrity assessments (34). This contrasts to a recent report v*'here human spermatozoa exposed to NaCl solutions were found to be more susceptible to membrane damage than those exposed to hypertonic sucrose solutions (6), Although future studies may allow a better understanding of the physiological basis for these differences, the present study clearly demonstrates the need to thoroughly examine the cryobiological properties of sperm from each species to be cryopreserved.…”

mentioning

confidence: 56%

Osmotic Effects on Feline Spermatozoa from Normospermic versus Teratospermic Donors

et al. 2000

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“…Reduced fertility of frozen semen is largely attributed to altered membrane structure and function during cryopreservation that may cause damage to spermatozoa [2,3]. During conventional cryopreservation protocols, bull spermatozoa are submitted to a number of potentially damaging stresses: the rapid change in temperature during cooling that could cause cold shock [4], the addition of molar concentrations of www.theriojournal.com cryoprotectants associated with osmotic and toxic stress [5], and the formation and dissolution of ice crystals in the extracellular environment associated with solution effects [6]. Furthermore, numerous observations suggest that spermatozoa surviving freezing and thawing have altered membrane properties that may render them functionally similar to capacitated or acrosome-reacted cells [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of cryopreservation on the motile sperm subpopulations in semen from Asturiana de los Valles bulls

et al. 2009

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The aim of this study was to identify different motile sperm subpopulations in ejaculates from an autochthonous bull breed (Bos taurus) and to determine possible modifications in these subpopulations resulting from cryopreservation. Ejaculates were collected and cryopreserved following a conventional protocol. The overall sperm motility and the kinematic parameters of individual spermatozoa were evaluated in fresh ejaculates, after 4 h at 5 8C, and at 0 and 2 h postthaw. A multivariate clustering procedure separated 23,585 motile spermatozoa into four subpopulations: Subpopulation 1 showed medium velocity (VCL: 99.4 AE 17.8 mm/sec) and high progressiveness (LIN: 65.1 AE 14.0%); Subpopulation 2 included spermatozoa with high velocity (VCL: 148.7 AE 25.6 mm/sec) but a nonprogressive trajectory (LIN: 33.1 AE 10.5%); Subpopulation 3 represented slowly motile (VCL: 58.3 AE 24.3 mm/sec) and nonprogressive sperm (LIN: 39.6 AE 18.3%); and Subpopulation 4 included very rapid (VCL: 152.8 AE 25.7 mm/sec) and highly progressive sperm (LIN: 70.9 AE 13.7%). Subpopulation 4 was present in the greatest quantity in fresh ejaculates (36%), but after cooling, it significantly decreased (21%) concomitantly with an increase (P < 0.001) in Subpopulation 2 (from 21% in fresh to 34% in postcooled semen). After freezing and thawing, the overall sperm motility was reduced, mainly due to Subpopulation 2 decreasing from 34% after cooling to 14% after thawing. Differences among bulls in the frequency distribution of spermatozoa within subpopulations were evidenced after thawing by different proportions of spermatozoa in Subpopulations 2 and 4. The current results indicate that a structure of four sperm subpopulations may be a common characteristic of bovine ejaculates and that the cooling phase of cryopreservation seems to be the determinant of postthaw semen quality. #

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Effect of salt concentration and unfrozen water fraction on the viability of slowly frozen ram spermatozoa

Cited by 55 publications

References 13 publications

Recent developments and concepts in the cryopreservation of spermatozoa and the assessment of their post-thawing function

Recent developments and concepts in the cryopreservation of spermatozoa and the assessment of their post-thawing function

Osmotic Effects on Feline Spermatozoa from Normospermic versus Teratospermic Donors

Effects of cryopreservation on the motile sperm subpopulations in semen from Asturiana de los Valles bulls

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