Effect of Salinity Stress on Various Growth and Physiological Attributes of Two Contrasting Maize Genotypes

Zahra, Noreen; Raza, Zulfiqar Ali; Mahmood, S.

doi:10.1590/1678-4324-2020200072

Cited by 58 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…Salinity stress reduces growth by inducing osmotic and ionic stress, resulting in hampered cellular functioning, thereby restricting plant growth [3]. Earlier salinitymediated declines in growth and, fresh and dry weight have been reported [1,7]. Recently, Dell Aversana et al [54] also demonstrated a significant decline in growth and weight production in salinity-stressed barley genotypes concomitant with a reduction in water potential.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Salinity is considered a negative factor that significantly reduces crop plant growth, development, and yield potential [1,2]. Utilization of saline water for irrigating agricultural land has further aggravated the situation, resulting in the conversion of fertile and productive lands into unproductive lands [3], which in turn has led to a severe impact on global food security.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exogenous Myo-Inositol Alleviates Salt Stress by Enhancing Antioxidants and Membrane Stability via the Upregulation of Stress Responsive Genes in Chenopodium quinoa L.

Al-Mushhin

Qari

Fakhr

et al. 2021

Plants

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Myo-inositol has gained a central position in plants due to its vital role in physiology and biochemistry. This experimental work assessed the effects of salinity stress and foliar application of myo-inositol (MYO) on growth, chlorophyll content, photosynthesis, antioxidant system, osmolyte accumulation, and gene expression in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa L. var. Giza1). Our results show that salinity stress significantly decreased growth parameters such as plant height, fresh and dry weights of shoot and root, leaf area, number of leaves, chlorophyll content, net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, and Fv/Fm, with a more pronounced effect at higher NaCl concentrations. However, the exogenous application of MYO increased the growth and photosynthesis traits and alleviated the stress to a considerable extent. Salinity also significantly reduced the water potential and water use efficiency in plants under saline regime; however, exogenous application of myo-inositol coped with this issue. MYO significantly reduced the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide, superoxide, reduced lipid peroxidation, and electrolyte leakage concomitant with an increase in the membrane stability index. Exogenous application of MYO up-regulated the antioxidant enzymes’ activities and the contents of ascorbate and glutathione, contributing to membrane stability and reduced oxidative damage. The damaging effects of salinity stress on quinoa were further mitigated by increased accumulation of osmolytes such as proline, glycine betaine, free amino acids, and soluble sugars in MYO-treated seedlings. The expression pattern of OSM34, NHX1, SOS1A, SOS1B, BADH, TIP2, NSY, and SDR genes increased significantly due to the application of MYO under both stressed and non-stressed conditions. Our results support the conclusion that exogenous MYO alleviates salt stress by involving antioxidants, enhancing plant growth attributes and membrane stability, and reducing oxidative damage to plants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exogenous Myo-Inositol Alleviates Salt Stress by Enhancing Antioxidants and Membrane Stability via the Upregulation of Stress Responsive Genes in Chenopodium quinoa L.

Al-Mushhin

Qari

Fakhr

et al. 2021

Plants

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“…In this study, spring wheat exhibited comparatively lower reductions in stomatal conductance and chlorophyll content index compared with winter wheat under salt stress (Figure 1i,l). The reduction in winter wheat might have been due to lower root water potential and the transport of plant hormone ABA from the root into different plant organs, thereby inducing stomatal closure [55]. Compared with spring wheat, winter wheat was more affected (Figure 1), which might be strongly linked with high Na levels in their leaves.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Salinity Stress on Physiological Changes in Winter and Spring Wheat

et al. 2021

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Salinity is a leading threat to crop growth throughout the world. Salt stress induces altered physiological processes and several inhibitory effects on the growth of cereals, including wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In this study, we determined the effects of salinity on five spring and five winter wheat genotypes seedlings. We evaluated the salt stress on root and shoot growth attributes, i.e., root length (RL), shoot length (SL), the relative growth rate of root length (RGR-RL), and shoot length (RGR-SL). The ionic content of the leaves was also measured. Physiological traits were also assessed, including stomatal conductance (gs), chlorophyll content index (CCI), and light-adapted leaf chlorophyll fluorescence, i.e., the quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv′/Fm′) and instantaneous chlorophyll fluorescence (Ft). Physiological and growth performance under salt stress (0, 100, and 200 mol/L) were explored at the seedling stage. The analysis showed that spring wheat accumulated low Na+ and high K+ in leaf blades compared with winter wheat. Among the genotypes, Sakha 8, S-24, W4909, and W4910 performed better and had improved physiological attributes (gs, Fv′/Fm′, and Ft) and seedling growth traits (RL, SL, RGR-SL, and RGR-RL), which were strongly linked with proper Na+ and K+ discrimination in leaves and the CCI in leaves. The identified genotypes could represent valuable resources for genetic improvement programs to provide a greater understanding of plant tolerance to salt stress.

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“…Plant growth is stunted affecting most of the vegetative characters, such as leaf number, size, shoot number, plant height etc. [14,15]. Regarding the reproductive traits of the plants, salt stress can often induce an early flowering and abortion of flower buds [16,17].…”

Section: Mechanism Of Salt Stress and Plant Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Salt and Water Stress Responses in Plants

Cordea¹,

Borsai²

2022

Plant Stress Physiology - Perspectives in Agriculture

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Climate change-driven ecological disturbances have a great impact on freshwater availability which hampers agricultural production. Currently, drought and salinity are the two major abiotic stress factors responsible for the reduction of crop yields worldwide. Increasing soil salt concentration decreases plant water uptake leading to an apparent water limitation and later to the accumulation of toxic ions in various plant organs which negatively affect plant growth. Plants are autotrophic organisms that function with simple inorganic molecules, but the underlying pathways of defense mechanisms are much more complex and harder to unravel. However, the most promising strategy to achieve sustainable agriculture and to meet the future global food demand, is the enhancement of crop stress tolerance through traditional breeding techniques and genetic engineering. Therefore, it is very important to better understand the tolerance mechanisms of the plants, including signaling pathways, biochemical and physiological responses. Although, these mechanisms are based on a well-defined set of basic responses, they can vary among different plant species.

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Effect of Salinity Stress on Various Growth and Physiological Attributes of Two Contrasting Maize Genotypes

Cited by 58 publications

References 26 publications

Exogenous Myo-Inositol Alleviates Salt Stress by Enhancing Antioxidants and Membrane Stability via the Upregulation of Stress Responsive Genes in Chenopodium quinoa L.

Exogenous Myo-Inositol Alleviates Salt Stress by Enhancing Antioxidants and Membrane Stability via the Upregulation of Stress Responsive Genes in Chenopodium quinoa L.

Effect of Salinity Stress on Physiological Changes in Winter and Spring Wheat

Salt and Water Stress Responses in Plants

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