Effect of salinity on mycorrhizal onion and tomato in soil with and without additional phosphate

Feng

Journal of Environmental Sciences

et al. 2011

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) Glomus mosseae on the responses to elevated O 3 in growth and nutrition of snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv Guangzhouyuan) were investigated. Exposure was conducted in growth chambers by using three O 3 concentrations (20 (CF), 80 (CFO1) and 120 nL/L (CFO2); 8 hr/day for 75 days). Results showed that elevated O 3 slightly impacted overall mycorrhizal colonization, but significantly decreased the proportional frequency of hypha and increased the proportional frequency of spores and vesicles, suggesting that O 3 had significant effects on mycorrhizal structure. Elevated O 3 significantly decreased yield, dry mass and nutrient contents (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) in both non-mycorrhizal and mycorrhizal plants. However, significant interactive effects were found in most variables due to that the reduction by O 3 in the mycorrhizal plants was less than that in the non-mycorrhizal plants. Additionally, AMF increased the concentrations of N, P, Ca, and Mg in shoot and root. It can be concluded that AMF alleviated detrimental effects of increasing O 3 on host plant through improving plant nutrition and growth.

“…Poss et al (1985) and Heagle et al (1998) also found similar results. The response of Mg in shoot to elevated O 3 in this study was opposite to the result of Fangmeier et al (2002).…”

Section: Effect Of O 3 And/or Amf On Plant Nutrition Statussupporting

confidence: 69%

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi alter the response of growth and nutrient uptake of snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to O3

Feng

Journal of Environmental Sciences

et al. 2011

“…These findings allow us to deduce that the increased salinity tolerance in mycorrhizal plants is based on P nutrition and other minerals (Azcon and Atrash 1997). In saline soil, higher absorption of P in AM-inoculated plants may improve growth rate, salt tolerance and suppress the adverse effect of the salinity stress (Poss et al 1985;Kumar et al 2010). In addition, Duke et al (1986) concluded that in addition to P uptake enhancement, there were some other mechanisms such as induction of the osmotic materials that led to osmotic adjustment and improved salt tolerance in mycorrhizal plants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Many studies have reported the presence of the AM association in salt stress conditions (Pond et al 1984;Ruiz-Lozano and Azcon 2000;Agwa and Abdel-Fattah 2001;Sheng et al 2009;Kumar et al 2010). In this concern, the introduction of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to sites with saline soil may improve plant tolerance and growth (Poss et al 1985;Giri and Mukerji 2004;Al-Karaki 2006;Abo-Ghalia and Khalafallah 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal application to improve growth and tolerance of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants grown in saline soil

2011

A pot experiment was conducted to examine the effects of three different arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Glomus mosseae, G. deserticola and Gigaspora gergaria, on growth and nutrition of wheat (Triticum aestivium L. cv. Henta) plants grown in saline soil. Under saline condition, mycorrhizal inoculation significantly increased growth responses, nutrient contents, acid and alkaline phosphatases, proline and total soluble protein of wheat plants compared to non-mycorrhizal ones. Those stimulations were related to the metabolic activity of the each mycorrhizal fungus. The localization of succinate dehydrogenase ''SDH'' (as a vital stain for the metabolically active fungus) in the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi was variable. In general, mycorrhizal shoot plant tissues had significantly higher concentrations of P, N, K and Mg but lower Na concentration than those of non-mycorrhizal plants. In saline soil, growth and nutrition of wheat plants showed a high degree of dependency on mycorrhizal fungi (especially G. mosseae). The use of the nitroblue tetrazolium chloride method as a vital stain for SDH activity showed that all the structures of mycorrhizal infections in the wheat plant estimated by the trypan blue staining (non-vital stain) were not metabolically active. Interestingly, the reduction in Na uptake along with associated increases in P, N and Mg absorption and high proline, phosphatase activities and chlorophyll content in the mycorrhizal plants could be important for salt alleviation in plants growing in saline soils.

“…Jakobsen et al [56] showed proliferation of the root system was accompanied by a better rate of mycorrhization, which may have led to an improvement in the extraction of mineral elements from the substrate (in particular phosphorus). Poss et al [57] concluded that the tolerance mechanism in onion was mainly attributed to improvements in P nutrition. Similarly, Pfetffer et al [58] noted, "the major effect of mycorrhizae in the removal of sodium is made by means of the phosphorus accumulation".…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Diversity of Mycorrhizal Fungi Has Differential Effects on Salinity Tolerance of <i>Acacia seyal</i> (Del.) Seedlings

Manga¹,

Diop²,

Diop³

2017

OJSS

Acacia seyal is a leguminous plant that plays an important role in the ecosystem of Sahelian zone by producing gum, wood and fodder. The growth of A. seyal is subject to many constraints as salinity which can affect the development of this tree. Therefore, soil microorganisms can help A. seyal to better tolerate the effects of negative environmental stresses. The contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) to the salt tolerance of A. seyal, was evaluated by testing the effects of eight different arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) isolates in the performance of A. seyal seedlings subjected to different levels of salinity (0, 340 and 680 mM). The results based on growth parameters of shoot and root parts, shoot mineral N, P, K and Na content as well as survival rates and mycorrhization showed that AMF improved mineral nutrition of A. seyal seedlings during salt stress. The combination between AMF and salinity provided evidence that the efficiency of AMF isolates were variable in improving mineral nutrition and mortality rate for A. seyal seedlings related to the level of salt stress. However, the effects of inoculation were variable depending to the AMF isolate associated with seedlings and the level of salinity, suggesting that interactions between plants and AMF can be modulated by both AMF diversity and the type and level of abiotic factors. Rhizophagus intraradices was more efficient at 680 mM NaCl in plant growth and mineral uptake while Glomus deserticola did not promote a better plant development than most of the other species inoculated to seedlings.