Effect of Saline Water Irrigation and Growing Media on Growth, Physiological and Mineral Parameters of Clove Pink Dianthus Caryophyllus

Abstract

Soil salinity is one of the major environmental factors limiting plant growth and development; and it is considered a problem in arid and semiarid regions, where rainfall is insufficient to leach salts. The clove pink, Dianthus caryophyllus L. is a major product in Jordan with different irrigation needs and has the capacity to cope with water deficit. Consequently, the current study aimed at investigating the effect of salinity on certain growth, physiological and mineral parameters of two varieties of D. caryophyllus (Bizet Sagr and Grand Slam Hygr). The experiments were conducted under greenhouse conditions at the University of Jordan during the 2015/2016 growing season. The plants were grown in either soil or zeolitic tuff at five salinity levels. The results indicated that the growth parameters of both D. caryophyllus varieties vary significantly among the different salinity levels in both growing media. Increasing salinity caused a significant reduction in plant height, fresh and dry weights, flower length and diameter, and a delayed flowering time. Increasing salinity level caused also a significant reduction in leaf greenness, fluorescence yield, and relative water content, and increased stomatal resistance of both plant varieties in both growing media. Increasing salinity level caused a significant increase in Na and Cl, and a decrease in K, P, and N concentrations in plants of both tested varieties and media. In conclusion, salinity caused a significant effect on all tested growth, physiological and mineral parameters of D. caryophyllus. An appropriate irrigation regime should be used as a key to success in ornamentals’ growth control.

Morpho-Biochemical Modification of Petunia to Saline Water and Salicylic Acid Applications

“…One of the biggest issues in the agriculture sector is salt stress which reduces plant growth as indicated previously and in the present study [5,12,25,41]. Salt stress limits plant growth by interfering with various physiological processes and molecular alterations, i.e., photosynthesis, ionic imbalance, and increasing ROS buildup [7,8,11].…”

“…The results of the current research show that raised salinity up to 3000 mgL −1 reduced ion content. Salinity typically induces ionic imbalance through drops in N, P, K, Mg, Ca, Mn, Cu, and Zn, accompanied by the extra accumulation of Na, which was established formerly [3,11,18,41]. A reduction in ion uptake and/or transport in addition to ionic poisonousness may be to blame for the dramatic effects of salinity on plant nutritional status [58,80].…”

Role of Humic Acid on Inducing Salt Tolerance of Ivy Geranium (Pelargonium peltatum L.) Plants

“…The injury impact of salinity on vegetative growth trials was established previously [12,14]. These depressive effects might be attributed to the distribution of biophysiological pathways and molecular modifications, i.e., photosynthesis, nutrient balance, reactive oxygen species (ROS) buildup and alterations in salt injury in different plants.…”

“…So, the utilization of marginal water resources in irrigation ranging between 1000-6000 mg/L NaCl [9], such as recycled or salinized water, Horticulturae 2023, 9, 1012 2 of 14 has been encouraged by the growth in population and agricultural production along with the decline of high-quality water sources, particularly in arid areas like SA [10,11]. Irrigation with saline water has a drastic impact on soil-water-plant relations, i.e., intermittently deteriorating soil resources, strictly hampering the regular physio-biochemical pathways, alongside plant retardation, and initiating salty soil [12][13][14]. Crop development, flowering, productivity and primary carbon metabolism are all adversely impacted by high salt levels due to osmotic effects, nutritional imbalances and oxidative stress [14][15][16].…”

“…Crop development, flowering, productivity and primary carbon metabolism are all adversely impacted by high salt levels due to osmotic effects, nutritional imbalances and oxidative stress [14][15][16]. Additionally, salinity induces ion toxicity and nutritional imbalance due to the excessive uptake of sodium [11,12]. This makes it urgent to improve salt tolerance through spraying with attenuating substances like ions, plant growth substances and biostimulants [16][17][18][19][20][21].…”