“…Stroke, a disease characterized by a substantial disability rate and elevated mortality rate, has emerged as a prominent contributor to global mortality rates in recent times, with ischemic stroke (IS) being the prevailing subtype ( Wang et al, 2021 ; Xie et al, 2024 ). According to the latest epidemiological survey results, there are about 2.4 million new stroke patients in China every year, most of whom will be left with varying degrees of neurological dysfunction, which brings a serious burden to patients, families and society ( Zhu et al, 2024 ). In recent years, extensive research has been conducted on the pathological mechanisms underlying brain ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, including the excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), disturbances in calcium ion (Ca 2+ ) homeostasis, excitotoxic effects, apoptosis, and mitophagy.…”