Effect of salicylic acid and sodium nitroprusside on growth parameters, photosynthetic pigments and secondary metabolites of safflower under drought stress

Drought Enhanced the Allelopathy of Goldenrod on the Seed Germination and Seedling Growth Performance of Lettuce

“…Several studies have shown that drought stress not only notably affect plant morphological and physiological performance [21][22][23][24]58] but also dramatically restrain SGeSGrP of plant species [25][26][27][28]. Similar outcomes were obtained in this study, i.e., PEG 6000 dramatically reduced the competitive ability for sunlight acquisition as well as water and inorganic salt acquisition of lettuce.…”

“…Another and maybe equally important reason might be that leaf size and green leaf area of lettuce obviously aggrandized under the combined PEG 6000 and goldenrod leaf extracts (especially low concentration) which can enhance the intensity of transpiration and then promoted the level of water deficits. Thirdly, this phenomenon may be due to the enhanced contents of secondary metabolites (such as anthocyanin, flavonoids, phenol, and phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity) of plant species under drought stress [24]. Interestingly, the combined PEL and goldenrod leaf extracts regardless of the concentration exert more negative effects on the seed germination performance (including germination capacity and uniformity, germination speed and vitality, and robust response capability of seedling's germination) of lettuce than the combined PEH and goldenrod leaf extracts with equal concentration; But by contrast, the combined PEH and goldenrod leaf extracts regardless of the concentration exert more negative effects on the seedling growth performance (including the competitive ability for sunlight acquisition as well as water and inorganic salt acquisition, leaf photosynthetic area, and plant growing ability) of lettuce than the combined PEL and goldenrod leaf extracts with equal concentration.…”

“…After eight days of incubation, ten lettuce seedlings of lettuce per Petri dish (i.e., fifty seedlings of lettuce per bioassay treatment group) were chosen randomly to assess SGeSGrP parameters of lettuce, namely, germination percentage (represents the germination ability) [3,9,10,13], germination potential (represents the germination capacity and uniformity) [3,9,10,13], germination index (represents the germination speed and vitality) [37][38][39], germination rate index (represents the germination speed and vitality) [40][41][42], germination vigor index (represents the germination speed and vitality) [39,43,44], promptness index (represents the robust response capability of seedling's germination) [45][46][47], seedling height (represents the competitive ability for sunlight acquisition) [3,9,10,13,33], root length (represents the competitive ability for water and inorganic salt acquisition) [3, 9, 10, 13], leaf length and width (represents the competitive ability for sunlight acquisition) [3,6, 8-10, 13, 33, 48], green leaf area (represents leaf photosynthetic area) [49][50][51], singleplant fresh and dry weights (represents plant growing ability) [3,9,10,13,24,33,48] and plant moisture content (represents plant water content) [3,9,10,…”

“…Furthermore, the occurrence ratio and sustained intensity of drought events will upsurge as time advances triggered by anthropic activities presumably soon [15,16]. In addition, the gradually enhanced drought stress can pose significantly adverse impacts on plant morphological and physiological performance [21][22][23][24] as well as on SGeSGrP [25][26][27][28]. Further, the soil-water condition can trigger a noteworthy impact on the invasiveness of IAS [23,25,29].…”

Atmospheric N deposition alleviates the unfavorable effects of drought on wheat growth

“…Specifically, the drought is expected to get worse in the near future (Walther et al 2009;Liu and Jiang 2015;Jiang et al 2017). However, the increasing drought can recruit numerous effects on the growth performance and metabolism process of plant species, including (I) the altered plant morphological characteristics (Duan et al 2017;Meng et al 2019;Chavoushi et al 2020), plant biomass allocation patterns between belowground and aboveground parts (Xu and Cui 2015;, (II) the raised degree of peroxidation of cell cytoplasm membrane of plant species (Helaly et al 2017;Hajihashemi and Sofo 2018;Zhang and Shi 2018), and (III) the inhibited plant growth performance (Duan et al 2017;Hajihashemi and Sofo 2018;Meng et al 2019;Chavoushi et al 2020). Plant morphological and physiological performance (MorPhyPer) play a key role in their growing competitiveness (Wang et al 2016a(Wang et al , b, 2017aJiang et al 2019).…”