Effect of sainfoin hay and pomegranate peel extracts on in vitro fermentation and protein degradation using the RUSITEC technique

Abstract

Effect of sainfoin hay and pomegranate peel extracts on in vitro fermentation and protein degradation using the RUSITEC technique. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 95: 417Á423. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of supplementation of sainfoin hay extract (SHE) and pomegranate peel extract (PPE) on in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics, protein metabolism and nutrient digestibility using rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC). The experiment was a completely randomized design with three treatments and four replications. Dietary treatments were: (1) control (10% barley silage and 90% concentrate), and control supplemented (2) with SHE (4.1 g catechin equivalent kg(1 dry matter; DM) or (3) with PPE (2.8 g tannic acid equivalents kg(1 DM). The experiment consisted of 10 d of adaptation and 7 d of data collection. Concentration of total volatile fatty acid (VFA) was lower (PB0.02), but molar proportion of acetate was higher (PB0.01) with SHE or PPE than control. Branched-chain VFA decreased (PB0.01) with PPE supplementation compared with control. Concentrations of large and small peptides were not affected but ammonia nitrogen (NH 3 -N) concentration decreased (P B0.01) with PPE supplementation. Digestibility of DM, starch and crude protein decreased (PB0.02) with SHE and PPE supplementation compared with control. Bacterial nitrogen production (mg d(1 ) and bacterial efficiency (g bacterial nitrogen kg(1 digested organic matter) were not affected by SHE or PPE supplementation. Overall, there were no differences in VFA concentrations, nitrogen fractions and nutrient digestibility between SHE and PPE except for the concentrations of branched-chain VFA and NH 3 -N, which were higher (PB0.01) with SHE versus PPE supplementation. In conclusion, supplementation of high-grain diet with SHE or PPE can decrease rumen by-pass protein; however, suppression of feed fermentation may decrease the feeding value of high-grain diet.

Evaluation of yeast-based additives, as an alternative to ionophores, on rumen fermentation of ruminant diets using an in vitro gas production system

“…suggest that the yeast additives might lead to greater fibrolytic bacteria proliferation and reduced decarboxylation of branchedchain amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, and valine), which in turn indicates that the addition of the additive at intermediate doses led to a lower degradation of these amino acids (Refat et al, 2015). Furthermore, it is important to emphasize that the tested additive provided an additional source of BCVFAs.…”

“…similar total GP observed for all treatments at the end of the fermentation baths. Likewise, in the BCVFA results, part of ruminal NH 3 -N comes from protein degradation (Refat et al, 2015). Furthermore, some rumen fibrolytic microorganisms can build their amino acids from NH 3 -N and carbon skeletons (Reynolds and Kristensen, 2008).…”

Evaluating rumen fermentation kinetics and nutritive value of sunflower seed meal supplemented with acetonic extract of pomegranate peel using <i>in vitro</i> gas production technique

“…But, they have proposed that addition of pomegranate peel extract has decreased protozoa population, ammonia-N concentration, and increased propionate to acetate proportion and microbial protein production. Refat et al (2015) also found that supplementing high grain diets with pomegranate peel extracts in Rusitec system, results in decreasing total and branched-chain VFA and ammonia nitrogen concentration as well. They have mentioned that, the effects of plant extracts contain high polyphenolic compounds on total VFA production and individual proportion of VFA varied and mostly dependent on source, rate and dosage of polyphenolic compounds.…”

Effects of wheat bran replacement with pomegranate seed pulp on rumen fermentation, gas production, methanogen and protozoa populations of camel and goat rumen using competitive PCR technique: An in vitro study

“…An increase in ammonia‐nitrogen production will benefit the increase in the protozoa population and the decomposition of microbial protein (Busquet et al., 2006). Nevertheless, comparison with the literature is challenging because information on the effect of pomegranate peel, seed and oil revealed a decreased concentration in rumen fluid of ammonia (Natalello et al., 2020; Refat et al., 2015; Sharifi et al., 2019). The impact of tannins on ruminal protein metabolism has been attributed to their ability to attach plant protein, decline the microbial enzyme's activity, reduce bacteria growth rate and finally decrease ruminal NH 3 ‐N (Molan et al., 2001; Min et al., 2005).…”