Effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. Boulardii and beta-galactomannan oligosaccharide on porcine intestinal epithelial and dendritic cells challenged in vitro with Escherichia coli F4 (K88)

Abstract

Probiotic and prebiotics, often called "immune-enhancing" feed additives, are believed to deal with pathogens, preventing the need of an immune response and reducing tissue damage. In this study, we investigated if a recently developed β-galactomannan (βGM) had a similar protective role compared to Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. Boulardii (Scb), a proven probiotic, in the context of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) infection. ETEC causes inflammation, diarrhea and intestinal damage in piglets, resulting in large economic loses worldwide. We observed that Scb and βGM products inhibited in vitro adhesion of ETEC on cell surface of porcine intestinal IPI-2I cells. Our data showed that Scb and βGM decreased the mRNA ETEC-induced gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, GM-CSF and chemokines CCL2, CCL20 and CXCL8 on intestinal IPI-2I. Furthermore, we investigated the putative immunomodulatory role of Scb and βGM on porcine monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) per se and under infection conditions. We observed a slight up-regulation of mRNA for TNF-α and CCR7 receptor after co-incubation of DC with Scb and βGM. However, no differences were found in DC activation upon ETEC infection and Scb or βGM co-culture. Therefore, our results indicate that, similar to probiotic Scb, prebiotic βGM may protect intestinal epithelial cells against intestinal pathogens. Finally, although these products may modulate DC activation, their effect under ETEC challenge conditions remains to be elucidated.

Chemical composition of the cell wall of probiotic and brewer’s yeast in response to cultivation medium with glycerol as a carbon source

“…Results of this study may be a basis for obtaining bioactive b-glucans and mannoprotein preparations or elaboration of probiotic culture of increased content of cell wall structure polymers. The experimental data point that not only polymers isolated from cell wall of yeasts of Saccharomyces genus demonstrate health-promoting activity, but also the whole cells of these fungi [3,16,54].…”

“…Parameters such as molecular weight, degree of branching, primary structure, as well as charge of the polymers determine chemical and physical properties (e.g., solubility) of b-glucans and mannoprotein and are involved in the biological activity [3,37]. Therefore, practical utilization of structural elements of yeasts cell walls depends on the species and even strain of the fungi as well as method of isolation and preparation.…”

Oligosaccharide structure determines prebiotic role of β-galactomannan against Salmonella enterica ser. Typhimurium in vitro

“…In this regard, our previous in vitro works showed that Scb has a higher anti-inflammatory role in ETEC infections 5 . In contrast, βGM is a potent prophylactic agent against Salmonella infections 6 .…”

“…The recognition of these residues leads to bacterial adherence to enterocyte surface and intestinal colonization by the pathogen. Our recent articles showed how probiotic strain of Saccaromyces cerevisiae var Boulardii ( Scb ) and a recently developed prebiotic β-galactomannan (βGM), derived from fruit seed of the Ceratonia silliqua tree, inhibit in vitro adhesion of Salmonella 6 and ETEC 5 to pig intestinal cell line IPI-2I. Indeed, both products decreased the overall proinflammatory profile induced by ETEC or Salmonella , with the least expenditure of resources for innate immune response to deal with each pathogen.…”

“…Our group recently published in vitro results that demonstrated the potential of probiotic Saccharomyces cerevisiae var Boulardii and prebiotic β-galactomannan (βGM) to prevent intestinal infections by E.coli 5 and Salmonella 6 in pigs. Here, we aimed to extend the knowledge about the prebiotic role of βGM against Salmonella challenge according to its polysaccharide structure.…”