Effect of sac-volume on the relationship among ball behavior, injection and initial spray characteristics of ultra-high pressure GDI injector

Chang, Mengzhao; Park, Jeonghyun; Kim, Byunggyun; Park, Jeong Hwan; Park, Sungwook; Park, Suhan

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2020.119089

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…It is obvious that decreasing the sac volume can effectively reduce the dribble amount and the dribbling duration. 47 In addition, the higher injection pressure increases the dribble amount but reduce the dribbling duration, and the droplet size could also be reduced due to the enhanced breakup of dribbling flow. So, it is believed that increasing injection pressure is overall favorable to the atomization of the fuel dribbling flow.…”

Section: Droplet Size After the Eoimentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental study on dribbling characteristics of gasoline/biodiesel blends after the end-of-injection

Feng,

Yang,

Jin

et al. 2023

International Journal of Engine Research

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The effects of biodiesel addition on gasoline fuel dribbling process and characteristics after the end-of-injection (EOI) were investigated in a constant volume chamber at different injection pressures and ambient temperatures. The fuel dribbling process was recorded with high spatial and time resolution by using the microscopic shadow imaging technique, and the corresponding dribble velocity, dribble volume and droplet size were extracted. The results showed that the fuel dribbling experienced four typical morphological structures (spray-like, membrane-type, ligament-type, droplets) after the EOI under all the tested conditions. Additionally, increased biodiesel proportion in the blends caused decreased dribble velocity, longer dribbling duration, and increased droplet size, indicating deteriorated breakup and atomization processes of the dribbling flow. Moreover, the higher injection pressure increased the dribble amount but reduced the dribbling duration and droplet size. The increased ambient temperature caused faster evaporation of the dribbling fuel, resulting in a significant decrease in the dribble size. So, these two strategies were believed to be overall favorable to restrain the adverse effect on gasoline fuel dribbling characteristics caused by the addition of biodiesel.

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Section: Droplet Size After the Eoimentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental study on dribbling characteristics of gasoline/biodiesel blends after the end-of-injection

Feng,

Yang,

Jin

et al. 2023

International Journal of Engine Research

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“…Park et al numerically investigated equivalent ratio distribution and homogeneity index with various injection timings and pressures (20, 33, and 50 MPa) in a GDI engine fueled with gasoline. For the characteristics of spray and engine fueled with n -heptane, gasoline, or bioethanol–gasoline blended fuels (E10, E30, and E50), Park et al − also carried out a lot of experimental work, which demonstrated that increasing injection pressure (up to 50 MPa) is generally helpful in promoting air–fuel mixture and reducing PM emissions. Montanaro et al , presented some experimental and simulation results about the gasoline spray morphology of the GDI injector under a 100 MPa injection pressure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Study on the Macroscopic Characteristics of Gasoline and Ethanol Spray from a GDI Injector under Injection Pressures of 10 and 60 MPa

Liu

et al. 2022

ACS Omega

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To reduce particulate matter (PM) emissions from vehicles powered by gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines, increasing the fuel injection pressure has been one promising approach. However, a comparison of macroscopic characteristics between gasoline and ethanol from a GDI injector under an ultrahigh injection pressure of more than 50 MPa has not been reported. The experimental study presented in this paper can provide some new and valuable information about comparing and analyzing the macroscopic characteristics of gasoline and ethanol spray from a GDI injector in both front and side views under injection pressures of 10 and 60 MPa. The experimental results show that compared to ethanol, gasoline spray has a slight advantage in L S (penetration of whole spray), L C (penetration of core region of spray), θ S (spray cone angle), and R I (irregularity of spray boundary) under both P I (injection pressure) = 10 MPa and P I = 60 MPa, which would promote a more homogeneous mixture of air and fuel. Furthermore, the advantage of gasoline in θ S is more pronounced under P I = 60 MPa. At the end of injection, S S (area of whole spray) of gasoline is around 2% larger than ethanol, while its advantage in S C (area of core region of spray) can be around 5%. With the increase of P I from 10 to 60 MPa, a marked increase of R S (the ratio of S C to S S ) and R I indicates that atomization and air−fuel mixture homogeneity can be significantly improved for both gasoline and ethanol spray. Besides, a minor revision to the Dent model helps achieve a significant improvement in the prediction accuracy of L S for both gasoline and ethanol spray under injection pressures of 10 and 60 MPa.

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“…High pressure injection systems are widely used in GDI engines to atomize liquid fuel to small droplets. High injection pressure and smaller droplets enable fast engine transient response, good efficiency and reduce emissions [26,27]. But there is also limitation with using a high injection pressure to atomize liquid fuel.…”

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confidence: 99%

Dynamics of the Ammonia Spray Using High-Speed Schlieren Imaging

Cheng¹,

Ojanen²,

Diao³

et al. 2022

SAE Int. J. Adv. & Curr. Prac. in Mobility

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A mmonia (NH3), as a carbon-free fuel, has a higher optimization potential to power internal combustion engines (ICEs) compared to hydrogen due to its relatively high energy density (7.1MJ/L), with an established transportation network and high flexibility. However, the NH3 is still far underdeveloped as fuel for ICE application because of its completely different chemical and physical properties compared with hydrocarbon fuels. Among all uncertainties, the dynamics of the NH3 spray at engine conditions is one of the most important factors that should be clarified for optimizing the fuel-air mixing. To characterize the evolution and evaporation process of NH3 spray, a high-speed Z-type schlieren imaging technique is employed to estimate the spray characteristics under different injection pressure and air densities in a constant volume chamber. Three renewable fuels, including NH3, methanol and ethanol, are investigated to compare the differences in their spray behavior at engine-like conditions. The basic parameters of the spray geometry such as spray penetration, spray cone angle and cross-section area are quantified based on the schlieren images postprocessing. The results show that the spray geometry of NH3 differs from that of the other fuels, which exhibits a longer penetration, larger spray cone angle and cross-section area. Moreover, the NH3 also shows a faster evaporation rate than methanol and ethanol. To extract more information from the spray images, an optical flow algorithm is derived to visualize the velocity field based on the schlieren images. The results indicate that NH3 spray is driven to the spray axis under the effect of the vortices. The vortices are induced by the entrainment of the surrounding gas and act as the driving forces that push the spray plumes towards the axis at the same time. The two vortices of NH3 grow much bigger and stronger and move closer to the spray axis compared to the ethanol and methanol.

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Effect of sac-volume on the relationship among ball behavior, injection and initial spray characteristics of ultra-high pressure GDI injector

Cited by 9 publications

References 27 publications

Experimental study on dribbling characteristics of gasoline/biodiesel blends after the end-of-injection

Experimental study on dribbling characteristics of gasoline/biodiesel blends after the end-of-injection

Comparative Study on the Macroscopic Characteristics of Gasoline and Ethanol Spray from a GDI Injector under Injection Pressures of 10 and 60 MPa

Dynamics of the Ammonia Spray Using High-Speed Schlieren Imaging

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