Effect of ruminal administration of<i>Escherichia coli</i>wild type or a genetically modified strain with enhanced high nitrite reductase activity on methane emission and nitrate toxicity in nitrate-infused sheep

Sar, C.; Mwenya, B.; Pen, B.; Takaura, K.; Morikawa, R.; Tsujimoto, A.; Kuwaki, K.; Isogai, Nayuta; Shinzato, I.; Asakura, Yoko; Toride, Yasuhiko; Takahashi, J.

doi:10.1079/bjn20051517

Cited by 40 publications

(32 citation statements)

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“…These values were lower than those obtained by Marden et al (2005) in dry cows ranging from -173.5 to -216.8 mV when testing a new device for the continuous measurement of ruminal parameters in the absence of oxygen. Barry et al (1977) reported a range of Eh in sheep from -150 to -260 mV, while Mathieu et al (1996) or Sar et al (2005) presented lower values ranging from -319 to -290 mV. However, data presented in the latter studies are not fully comparable with results of Marden et al (2005) and ours because they ex- …”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

The effect of individuality of animal on diurnal pattern of pH and redox potential in the rumen of dry cows

Richter¹,

Křížová²,

Třináctý³

2010

CZECH J ANIM SCI

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The rumen with its physicochemical conditions, i.e. temperature 39-40°C, mean pH close to neutrality, anaerobiosis characterised by very low redox potential (Eh) values (Hobson, 1997) represents an excellent environment for the development and maintenance of a dense and diverse microbial community. Measurements of pH and Eh in rumen content can contribute to the understanding of the microbiological activity and dynamics of fermentation (Broberg, 1957a). The redox potential is an important parameter describing the mode of action of factors that show the ability to influence the reducing power of the rumen as mentioned in the study of Marden et al. (2008). The authors evaluated the capacity of sodium bicarbonate and live yeast in optimizing ruminal pH with simultaneously decreasing the redox potential in dairy cows. From this aspect the Eh values appear to be important parameters complementing pH measurements. For correct measurement, it is important to observe strictly anaerobic conditions to avoid a considerable error resulting from changes in equilibrium between the ruminal liquid phase and the gas mixture in the rumen headspace (Marden et al., 2005).There are several techniques of pH and Eh measurements reported in the literature, such as ex vivo measurement of ruminal fluid samples collected by an oral probe or by ruminal puncture or collected by a suction-strainer device from ruminally cannulated animals (Duffield et al., 2004). However, during these procedures the ruminal fluid is in contact AbstrAct: The aim of this study was to continuously monitor ruminal pH and redox potential of individual dry cows using a newly developed wireless device. Three dry Holstein cows fitted with rumen cannulas were used for the individual measurement of ruminal pH and redox potential (Eh) using a newly developed wireless device. The experiment was carried out in the period of 14 days consisting of a 10-day preliminary period followed by a 4-day measurement period. Cows were fed twice daily the diet based on maize silage, lucerne hay and concentrate. During the measurement period ruminal pH and redox potential were monitored continuously using a developed wireless probe. Average daily feed intake throughout the experiment was 8.2 kg/day. The mean ruminal pH was almost identical in Cows 21 and 25, being 6.79 and 6.75, respectively, and was lower than in Cow 26 (6.86; P < 0.05). The mean Eh of the ruminal fluid was -274 mV in Cow 21 and 26 and -270 mV in Cow 25, while the results did not differ significantly (P > 0.05). The diurnal pattern of ruminal pH and Eh showed a similar trend in all animals. Mean values of rH (Clark's exponent) calculated for Cows 21 and 25 being 4.43 and 4.48, respectively, were lower than the value calculated for Cow 26 (4.59; P < 0.05). This method may be useful for investigating factors affecting the dynamics of ruminal fermentation and may also help in the identification of variables associated with various metabolic disorders.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

The effect of individuality of animal on diurnal pattern of pH and redox potential in the rumen of dry cows

Richter¹,

Křížová²,

Třináctý³

2010

CZECH J ANIM SCI

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“…Data indicated that nitrate-reducing bacteria could be used to prevent accumulation of nitrite when sodium nitrate is used to reduce methane emissions in vitro (Sakthivel 2010 ). Sar et al ( 2005 ) reported that nitrate inhibits methanogenesis signifi cantly in sheep at the rate of 1.3 g NaNO 3 /kg W 0.75 of the animals, but it was accompanied with higher levels of plasma nitrite and blood methaemoglobin. These negative effects of nitrate feeding could be reduced or completely removed by feeding Escherichia coli culture at the rate of 150 ml (2 × 10 10 cells/ml), which had a capability to reduce nitrite with nitrite reductase activity.…”

Section: Nitrate-/nitrite-reducing Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 96%

Nitrate/Nitrite Toxicity and Possibilities of Their Use in Ruminant Diet

Kamra

Agarwal

Chaudhary

2015

Rumen Microbiology: From Evolution to Revolution

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Nitrate is not a normal component of livestock feed due to toxicity of nitrate/nitrite. Sometimes nitrate might enter into the rumen either accidentally or intentionally incorporated in ration as a source of nitrogen, but the nitrate-reducing bacteria present in the rumen (Selenomonas ruminantium, Veillonella parvula and Wolinella succinogenes) take care of it by reducing nitrate to nitrite and further to ammonia, which can be used for synthesis of amino acids in the rumen. The number of such bacteria is not plenty enough to take care of excess nitrate in diet, but slow increase in the level of nitrate might help in the adaptation of the rumen microbes, which give capability of tolerating even toxic levels of nitrate in livestock ration. The incorporation of nitrate in the diet of adapted animals can be as high as 30 % protein requirement of the animals without affecting adversely the rumen fermentation and health of the animals. There was no accumulation of nitrite in the rumen liquor, and methaemoglobin levels in blood were also within safe limits, when the animals were adapted to higher levels of nitrate (Unpublished report from this laboratory). Simultaneously, nitrate inclusion in diet also results in decreased emission of methane, making the process of livestock production eco-friendly. Long-term feeding trials are essential before the technique can be recommended to the farmers for practical application.

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“…The nitrate was not having any effect on VFA concentration, but there was a shift in molar proportion of VFA with higher acetate, lower propionate and lower butyrate along with less methane production. Sar et al ( 2005 ) suggested that E. coli W3110 plus nitrate and E. coli nir-Ptac plus nitrate both have potential to be used as feed additive to mitigate methane production (6-12 %) in sheep. Van Zijderveld et al ( 2010 ) assessed the effect of dietary addition of nitrate (2.6 % of DM) and sulphate (2.6 % of DM) on methane emission in lambs.…”

Section: Inorganic Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manipulation of Rumen Microbial Ecosystem for Reducing Enteric Methane Emission in Livestock

Kamra

Agarwal

Chaudhary

2015

Climate Change Impact on Livestock: Adaptation and Mitigation

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Rumen has a complex consortium of microorganisms comprising of bacteria, protozoa, fungi, archaea and bacteriophages, which synergistically act upon the lignocellulosic feeds consisting of cereal straws and stovers, green forages and hays, oil cakes, etc., and produce a mixture of shortchain volatile fatty acids and microbial proteins which the animals can use as a source of nutrients. During this bioconversion process, hydrogen is generated in large quantities which combine with carbon dioxide to generate methane by the activity of methanogenic archaea. Depending upon the composition of diet, the animals might lose 5-12 % of gross energy intake in the form of methane, which leads to poor feed conversion effi ciency. To avoid this loss of energy in the form of methane, several methods are technically available (e.g. methane analogues, inorganic terminal electron acceptors, ionophore antibiotics, organic unsaturated fatty acids, microbial intervention like use of probiotics and selective removal of ciliate protozoa and plant secondary metabolites), but each one of them has its own merits and demerits. In many cases, the results are based upon only in in vitro experiments. In this chapter, a few of the feed supplements which have a potential to inhibit methanogenesis and have been tested in in vivo experiments will be discussed.

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Effect of ruminal administration ofEscherichia coliwild type or a genetically modified strain with enhanced high nitrite reductase activity on methane emission and nitrate toxicity in nitrate-infused sheep

Cited by 40 publications

References 32 publications

The effect of individuality of animal on diurnal pattern of pH and redox potential in the rumen of dry cows

The effect of individuality of animal on diurnal pattern of pH and redox potential in the rumen of dry cows

Nitrate/Nitrite Toxicity and Possibilities of Their Use in Ruminant Diet

Manipulation of Rumen Microbial Ecosystem for Reducing Enteric Methane Emission in Livestock

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