Effect of rubber-phase volume fraction in impact polystyrene on mechanical behaviour

Mathematical model of a continuous industrial high‐impact polystyrene process

“…For optimal impact resistance properties, the rubber particles must be themselves heterogeneous, exhibiting typical "salami" structures, with vitreous microinclusions dispersed in the rubber. The influence of particle morphology on HIPS mechanical properties has been reported by Cigna et al (1976), Aggarwal and Livigni (1977), Craig et al (1977), Turley and Keskkula (1980), Hall et al (1982), Mui et al (1982), Hall (1988), Maestrini et al (1992), Oliva et al (1993), Oliva (1993), Anzaldi et al (19941, Hazer andKurt (1999, andKatime et al (1995).…”

Characterization of styrene–butadiene copolymers by catalytic pyrolysis over Al-MCM-41

“…Therefore, at the initial time, t = 0, X P = 1 and X PC1* = X PC2* = 0, and the evolution with the time of the mass fraction of the mixture, w, calculated as w ¼ X P þ X PC1Ã þ X PC2Ã can be calculated once Eqs. (1), (2) and (3) are solved. n 1 , n 2 and n 3 are the reaction orders of (R-1), (R-2) and (R-3), respectively.…”

“…Because HIPS is composed of multicomponent and multiphase polymeric materials, with glassy and rubbery phases, end-use properties are dependent on many variables, such as the molecular weight (MW) and molecular weight distribution (MWD) of the polymerized PS and rubber used, the composition and concentration of the rubber, the particle size and the particle size distribution of the rubber-dispersed phase, the rubber-phase volume, the degree of grafting, and crosslinking [2][3][4][5]. In accordance with the previous remarks, the properties of HIPS mainly depend on the proportion of PB, data that suppliers do not usually facilitate.…”

Development of a Kinetic Model for Thermal Crosslinking of Rubbery Polymers

“…There is some controversy in the literature as to the type of crosslinking taking place in HIPS production. Some authors consider that crosslinking mainly occurs between two polybutadiene radicals, producing a short length linkage [18,19] (''x'' type of crosslinking). Other researchers consider that crosslinking mainly occurs by reaction between two radicals from polystyrene branches attached to polybutadiene backbones (''H'' type of crosslinking).…”