Effect of rosuvastatin on cytokines after traumatic head injury

Sánchez-Aguilar, Martín; Tapia-Pérez, Jorge Humberto; Sanchez-Rodriguez, Jose; Vinas-Rios, Juan Manuel; Martínez-Pérez, Patricia; Cruz-Mendoza, Esperanza de la; Sánchez-Reyna, Martín; Torres-Corzo, Jaime Gerardo; Gordillo‐Moscoso, Antonio

doi:10.3171/2012.12.jns121084

Cited by 61 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…One showed no statistically significant cognitive benefit over 6 months, 53 and the other showed positive benefit over 4 months. 63 A small trial of 62 children with neurofibromatosis type 1, expected to have a high prevalence of learning disability, showed no significant effects for statin treatment.…”

Section: Studies Of Cognitively Normal Participantsmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…[12][13][14][15] All had placebo rather than standard care comparators. RCTs (reported in 23 publications [13][14][15][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][50][51][52]55,56,62,64 ) enrolled subjects with normal cognition at baseline, four RCTs (reported in seven publications 12,54,[57][58][59][60][61] ) enrolled patients with AD, and three RCTs enrolled other cognitively impaired subjects (traumatic brain injury, 53,63 and neurofibromatosis type 1 49 ). Simvastatin (eight trials), pravastatin (eight trials), and lovastatin (six trials) were most frequently utilized in the statin RCTs.…”

Section: Assessment Of Heterogeneity and Meta-regression Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Do Statins Impair Cognition? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

et al. 2015

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BACKGROUND:In 2012, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a warning regarding potential adverse effects of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) on cognition, based on the Adverse Events Reporting System and a review of the medical literature. We aimed to synthesize randomized clinical trial (RCTs) evidence on the association between statin therapy and cognitive outcomes. METHODS: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane CENTRAL through December 2012, and reviewed published systematic reviews of statin treatment. We sought RCTs that compared statin treatment versus placebo or standard care, and reported at least one cognitive outcome (frequency of adverse cognitive events or measurements using standard neuropsychological cognitive test scores). Studies reporting sufficient information to calculate effect sizes were included in metaanalyses. Standardized and unstandardized mean differences were calculated for continuous outcomes for global cognition and for pre-specified cognitive domains. The main outcome was change in cognition measured by neuropsychological tests; an outcome of secondary interest was the frequency of adverse cognitive events observed during follow-up. RESULTS: We identified 25 RCTs (all placebo-controlled) reporting cognitive outcomes in 46,836 subjects, of which 23 RCTs reported cognitive test results in 29,012 participants. Adverse cognitive outcomes attributable to statins were rarely reported in trials involving cognitively normal or impaired subjects. Furthermore, meta-analysis of cognitive test data (14 studies; 27,643 participants) failed to show significant adverse effects of statins on all tests of cognition in either cognitively normal subjects (standardized mean difference 0.01, 95 % confidence interval, CI, −0.01 to 0.03, p=0.42) or Alzheimer's disease subjects (standardized mean difference −0.05, 95 % CI −0.19 to 0.10, p=0.38). CONCLUSIONS: Statin therapy was not associated with cognitive impairment in RCTs. These results raise questions regarding the continued merit of the FDA warning about potential adverse effects of statins on cognition.

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Section: Studies Of Cognitively Normal Participantsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Assessment Of Heterogeneity and Meta-regression Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Statins Impair Cognition? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

et al. 2015

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“…An earlier randomized controlled trial by the same group was able to show beneficial effects with regards to amnesia and disorientation as assessed by the Galveston Orientation and Amnesia Test (Tapia-Perez et al, 2008). However, this positive finding was not replicated (Sánchez-Aguilar et al, 2013). While no current trials are ongoing for severe TBI, the use of statins continues to be evaluated for its efficacy in the treatment of a head trauma.…”

Section: Statinsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Its use in a randomized, placebo controlled trial was investigated in patients with moderate to severe TBI. The study found that rosuvastatin significantly reduced levels of TNFα at 3 days but did not significantly alter serum IL-1β, IL-6 or IL-10 (Sánchez- Aguilar et al, 2013). An earlier randomized controlled trial by the same group was able to show beneficial effects with regards to amnesia and disorientation as assessed by the Galveston Orientation and Amnesia Test (Tapia-Perez et al, 2008).…”

Section: Statinsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Strategies for CNS repair following TBI

Aertker¹,

Bedi²,

Cox³

2016

Experimental Neurology

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“…It is secreted by T cells and macrophages and stimulates the immune response during infection and after trauma, especially with tissue damage, and thereby promotes inflammation. It is capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier and stimulating the synthesis of acute phase proteins such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) [30,31]. IL-6 can be used as an indirect indicator of the liberation of S100B and therefore Ca 2+ chelation [15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%