Effect of Roselle Calyx Extract on Gingipain Activity, Production of Inflammatory Cytokines, and Oral Bacterial Morphology

Abstract

This study to investigate the effect of roselle calyx extract on gingipain activity, production of inflammatory cytokines, and oral bacterial morphology. The inhibitory effect of roselle calyx extract (RCE) on Arg- (Rgp) and Lys-gingipain (Kgp) was evaluated using synthetic substrate colorimetric assay with a 96-well microtiter plate. RCE with various concentrations was tested for determination of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 produced from KB cells stimulated with heat-inactivated P. gingivalis. The production of IL-6 and IL-8 was quantified using an ELISA kit. The morphological alterations in cells of S. mutans and P. gingivalis after treatment with RCE were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). RCE could inhibit both Rgp (90%) and Kgp (70%) activities significantly at concentrations lower than the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) (2.2 mg/mL). Furthermore, the production of IL-6 and IL-8 from KB cells stimulated with P. gingivalis was significantly inhibited by RCE at 6 h after exposure, in a dose-dependent manner. After treatment with RCE, the morphological alterations were observed in cells of S. mutans and P. gingivalis by using SEM. The ability of RCE to inhibit gingipain activity and production of inflammatory cytokines indicates that RCE could be considered for prevention and clinical treatment for periodontitis.

Mouthwash with Tagetes lucida Cav. for Control of Chronic Periodontitis in Older Adults

“…This was clinically observed with the favorable modifications found in the clinical evolution of CP in the group treated with T. lucida, since the CAL and the PPD decreased in this group (p < 0.05); probably due to the decrease in periodontopathogens and leukocyte infiltrate associated with the reduced concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Additionally, the decrease in periodontal pockets was probably due to the osteoclastic action did not continue because the secretion of IL-1β and TNF-α decreased [49,50]. Furthermore, mobility and gingival bleeding reduced significantly in the EG (p < 0.05) due to the restoration of periodontal tissue integrity and the fibroblastic protective action of T. lucida quercetin [50].…”