Effect of root canal debridement on inflammatory cytokine levels

Abstract

In endodontic infections, inflammatory mediators such as cytokines are released, recruited and retained until the infection is eradicated. Root canal therapy is performed to prevent the spread of infection. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of root canal debridement (cleaning and shaping) on periapical inflammation by measuring the levels of inflammatory cytokines, Interleukin-8 (IL-8) and Interleukin-10 (IL-10). The study includes twenty patients with pulp necrosis and asymptomatic apical periodontitis. Periradicular sample was collected using paper points before and after root canal debridement. Cytokine levels were determined by Sandwich Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Data were analysed using paired t-test (PASW Statistics 18) (P = 0.05). All samples showed the presence of IL-8 and IL-10 prior to root canal debridement. Significantly reduced levels (P < 0.05) of IL-8 and IL-10 were detected after root canal debridement. In conclusion, root canal debridement significantly decreased the levels of the tested pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine in the periradicular interstitial fluid.

Effect of Root Canal Therapy Combined with Full Crown Restoration on the Level of Inflammatory Factors and Chewing Function in Patients with Cracked Teeth and Chronic Pulpitis

“…CRP is an acute phase protein, and its level rises when the body is infected, which can be used as an important marker for clinical monitoring of pulpitis status [ 17 ]. Root canal therapy can timely remove necrotic tissue in the pulp cavity, tightly seal the root canal system, isolate the adverse stimulation to the periapical tissue, and eliminate the source of infection, which helps to promote the healing of periodontal tissue, relieve inflammatory symptoms, and prevent the further expansion of the scope of inflammation [ 18 ]. We filled the root canal after root canal cleaning.…”

Effect of intracanal cryotherapy on the inflammatory cytokine, proteolytic enzyme levels and post‐operative pain in teeth with asymptomatic apical periodontitis: A randomized clinical trial

“…IL-8 levels determined in this study showed a decrease in both the cryotherapy and the control groups in time, but the decrease was not statistically significant. Significant decrease in IL-8 following canal enlargement and the medicament application has been reported in previous studies (Bambirra Jr. et al, 2015;Soh et al, 2019). IL-8 is a chemokine that is released in the early stages of inflammation, but has been shown to maintain its levels for days after the onset of inflammation as it is Involved in the sustained defence against infection (DeForge et al, 1992).…”

“…In the development of apical lesions, host immune response is triggered by intracanal microbial load and mediated by a complex network of Th1 and Th2 cytokines determining the course and outcome of the disease. Root canal treatment steps applied to reduce microbial load, such as biomechanical preparation and use of intracanal medicaments, have been shown to affect cytokine levels in periapical exudate and thereby mediate the immune response (Barbosa-Ribeiro et al, 2019;Maia et al, 2020;Soh et al, 2019;Tavares et al, 2012Tavares et al, , 2013. The present randomized clinical trial evaluated the effect of intracanal cryotherapy on the changes of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, PGE 2 and MMP-8 levels in the periapical exudate of teeth having asymptomatic apical periodontitis.…”

“…Moreover, treatment modalities that might influence the periapical exudate content were also different among studies. Periapical exudate was either sampled before or after root canal preparation and referred as baseline sampling in different studies (de Brito et al, 2012;Maia et al, 2020;Martinho et al, 2018;Soh et al, 2019;Tavares et al, 2012Tavares et al, , 2013. Sampling the exudate prior canal preparation ensures to catch the immunological profile of the disease, on the other hand, canal debridement and canal preparation would definitely exert an effect on periapical contents.…”

Delayed COVID‐19‐induced cytokine storm after root canal therapy with favorable response to plasmapheresis, tocilizumab, and methylprednisolone pulses therapy: A case report

“…Root canal therapy reduces the inflammation due to the necrosis of dental pulp or irreversible pulpitis. 20 , 21 Some studies recommend mixed irrigation methods, and finding a proper non‐mix method (material, instrument,) should be observed to remove pathogens properly. Root canal pathogens cause an increase in the TNF‐α level, an inflammatory cytokine.…”