Effect of roof materials and weather patterns on the quality of harvested rainwater in Shanghai, China

Mao, Jian; Xia, Boyu; Zhou, Yun; Bi, Fan; Zhang, Xiaodong; Zhang, Wei; Xia, Siqing

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123419

Cited by 26 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The storage temperature of rainwater in underground containers is constant. Hence, in this case, it was assumed that the season in which rainwater was collected plays a more important role [54,55]. This study demonstrates that namely the number of E. coli exceeded the limited level for both summer and autumn, and rainwater collected and stored in the summer season can be safely used only after six weeks of storage (Table 4).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Investigation of Microbiological Quality Changes of Roof-Harvested Rainwater Stored in the Tanks

et al. 2021

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Rainwater has been found to be a valuable source of drinking water in Europe, especially in such crisis situations as those caused by contamination of water uptake into water supply systems, large-scale floods or terrorist attacks (e.g., biological weapons). The microbiological quality of water plays a significant role, which is directly related to the potential health risks associated with harvested rainwater (including rainwater stored in the tanks). Microbial contamination is commonly found in rainwater. However, in the literature, detailed results of qualitative and quantitative microbiological assessments are sparse and remain unexplored. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate and analyze changes in the microbiological quality of roof-harvested rainwater stored in the tanks, depending on the collection conditions (type of roof surface), storage duration and season. Authors elucidate that conditions such as storage duration, the season in which rainwater is collected, the roof-like surface types and morphology of the catchment area highly affect rainwater quality. This study showed that rainwater harvested from a galvanized steel sheet roof had the best microbial quality, regarding the lowest number of bacteria, while rainwater from a flat roof covered with epoxy resin was the worst. Further, it was detected that rainwater collected in autumn and spring obtained the best microbiological quality. Moreover, a decrease in the number of bacteria was observed in correlation to storage duration. The water became sanitary safe after six weeks of storage at 12 °C. Its use for purposes requiring drinking water quality before six weeks of storage required disinfection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Investigation of Microbiological Quality Changes of Roof-Harvested Rainwater Stored in the Tanks

et al. 2021

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“…Porém no estudo realizado por Shadmehri Toosi et al, (2020) a área de captação é um dos principais eixos, demonstrando a importância nos estudos da área; 4) O material utilizado no telhado -O material em que é construído cada telhado influência tanto na qualidade da água captada (pois determinado materiais retém mais sujeira do que outros, e alguns liberam partículas indesejáveis). Este critério deve ser levado em consideração, e o estudo de Mao et al, (2021) comprova a influência deste critério; 5) Formas dos edifícios -No critério forma do edifício podemos englobar várias variantes como: inclinação dos telhados, inclinação das fachadas, forma do telado, dentre outras. Todas as bibliográficas elencadas citam ao menos algumas destas variantes como importantes para os estudos, principalmente inclinação do telhado.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Book of Papers: XIV Simpósio Nacional de Sistemas Prediais [SISPRED 2021]

Paula¹,

Reis

2021

Simpósio Nacional De Sistemas Prediais

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“…To strengthen the notion that the increased EC of these BS was a result of the bitumen degradation processes and not a result of dust accumulation, changes in the DOC and metal emissions were also examined. The sources of these components are less likely to be associated to dust sedimentation, and it is well known from the literature that BS may emit metals and organic components [23][24][25][26]47], as well as other inorganic components, as a result of the aging and degradation processes [48]. These results indicate that the BS exposed to direct sun released the highest loads of solutes to the leachate water.…”

Section: Small Bs Piecesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Release of Solutes from Roof Bitumen Sheets Used for Rainwater Harvesting

Nachshon

Ben‐Hur

Kurtzman

et al. 2021

Water

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Bitumen waterproof sheets are widely used to seal building roofs. Previous works have focused on the mechanical-physical properties of bitumen sheets, as well as their aging and degradation processes, and their impact on sealing properties of the buildings. Due to a growing need over recent years to use rooftops in urban environments for rainwater harvesting purposes, it is highly important to better characterize the quality of the harvested water from the bitumen covered roofs, and to shed more light on the impact of bitumen degradation processes on the release of various components to the harvested roof water. In the present study, the extracted organic and inorganic solutes from bitumen-covered roofs by water flow on the bitumen sheets were examined through a series of experiments, including measurements from the roofs of buildings in the center of Israel during the winter of 2019–2020. The results indicated high levels of organic and inorganic solute loads in the roof water during the first flush of the first rain of the winter, with maximal electric conductivity readings at the order of 4 dS/m. However, it was shown that following the first flush, a ~20 mm of cumulative rainfall was sufficient to wash off all the summers’ accumulated solutes from the roof. After this solute flushing of the roof, harvested rainwater along the winter was of good quality, with electric conductivity readings in the range of 0.04–0.85 dS/m. Moreover, it was shown that bitumen sheets which were exposed to direct sun radiation emitted greater loads of solutes, likely a result of elevated aging and degradation processes. The findings of the present research point to the need to find efficient ways to isolate roof bitumen sheets from direct sun radiation and to design rainwater harvesting systems that will not collect the water drained from the first flush.

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Effect of roof materials and weather patterns on the quality of harvested rainwater in Shanghai, China

Cited by 26 publications

References 31 publications

Investigation of Microbiological Quality Changes of Roof-Harvested Rainwater Stored in the Tanks

Investigation of Microbiological Quality Changes of Roof-Harvested Rainwater Stored in the Tanks

Book of Papers: XIV Simpósio Nacional de Sistemas Prediais [SISPRED 2021]

Dynamic Release of Solutes from Roof Bitumen Sheets Used for Rainwater Harvesting

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