“…These mine spoils (0?05% organic carbon, 0?01% total nitrogen, 0?005% total P, 0?19 dS m À1 EC, 8?0 pH, 6?5% calcium carbonate and viable AM-fungal spore count of 45 spores 100 g À1 soil (Rao & Richa Tak, 2001) with 7% WHC were used to fill the earthern pots (300 Â 250 Â 160 mm) each of 10 kg. Five seeds each of Acacia ampliceps Maslin, A. eriopoda, F. Muell.…”
“…These mine spoils (0?05% organic carbon, 0?01% total nitrogen, 0?005% total P, 0?19 dS m À1 EC, 8?0 pH, 6?5% calcium carbonate and viable AM-fungal spore count of 45 spores 100 g À1 soil (Rao & Richa Tak, 2001) with 7% WHC were used to fill the earthern pots (300 Â 250 Â 160 mm) each of 10 kg. Five seeds each of Acacia ampliceps Maslin, A. eriopoda, F. Muell.…”
“…were isolated from mine spoils and used to inoculate seeds of the legume Albizia lebbeck grown in both gypsum and limestone mine spoils (Rao and Tak 2001). Improved nodulation and nitrogen-fixing activity was observed, and therefore, this system may be useful for revegetation of mine spoils.…”
Section: Selection Of Rhizobial Inoculants That Nodulate Legumes In Smentioning
Mineral nitrogen deficiency is a frequent characteristic of arid and semi-arid soils. Biological nitrogen fixation by legumes is a sustainable and environmentalfriendly alternative to chemical fertilization. Therefore, legumes have a high potential for the reclamation of marginal soils. Such issue is becoming more urgent due to the ever-rising requirement for food and feed, and the increasing extension of salinized and degraded lands, both as a consequence of global change and irrigation practices. This manuscript reviews current research on physiological and molecular mechanisms involved in the response and tolerance to environmental stresses of the Rhizobiumlegume symbiosis. We report in particular recent advances on the isolation, characterization, and selection of tolerant rhizobial strains and legume varieties, both by traditional methods and through biotechnological approaches. The major points are the following. (1) Understanding mechanisms involved in stress tolerance is advancing fast, thus providing a solid basis for the selection and engineering of rhizobia and legumes with enhanced tolerance to environmental constraints. (2) The considerable efforts to select locally adapted legume varieties and rhizobial inocula that can fix nitrogen under conditions of drought or salinity are generating competitive crop yields in affected soils. (3) Biotechnological approaches are used to obtain improved legumes and rhizobia with enhanced tolerance to abiotic stresses, paying particular attention to the sensitive nitrogen-fixing activity. Those biotechnologies are yielding transgenic crops and inocula with unquestionable potential.In conclusion, the role of legumes in sustainable agriculture, and particularly, their use in the reclamation of marginal lands, certainly has a very promising future.
“…One of the possible ways of increasing the nutrient content of the final compost product is microbial enrichment technique. This can be achieved either by introducing beneficial microorganisms by way of inoculation or by increasing the microbial activity by the incorporation of amendments (Rao and Tak, 2001). Inoculation of specific microflora during different stages of composting would hasten the decomposition potential that could imperatively yield good quality composts in shorter time spans (Taiwo and Oso, 2004).…”
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