Effect of rhizobia and rock biofertilizers with Acidithiobacillus on cowpea nodulation and nutrients uptake in a tableland soil

Abstract

Chemical fertilizers have been used in the cultivation of plants due to their high solubility and effect on crops yield. Biofertilizers with phosphate rock (PR) and potash rock (KR) plus sulfur inoculated with Acidithiobacillus may improve plant growth and contribute to addition of available P and K in soil. The effectiveness of biofertilizers from phosphate and potash rocks mixed with sulfur and Acidithiobacillus was studied in a Typic Fragiuldult soil of the Brazilian Northeast Tableland. Cowpea (cv. ''IPA 206'') was grown with and without rhizobia inoculation. Treatments were: (a) phosphate rock (1000 kg ha -1 ); (b) Biofertilizers-B P (250 and 500 kg ha -1 ); (c) triple superphosphate-TSP (250 kg ha -1 ); (d) potash rock (1000 kg ha -1 ); (e) biofertilizer-B K (250; 500 and 750 kg ha -1 ); (f) potassium chloride-KCl (250 kg K 2 0 ha -1 ); (g) control without P or K fertilization (P 0 K 0 ). The soil was maintained under water submersion covered with black plastic (solarization process) for a period of 30 days. Biofertilizers (B p and B K ) and soluble fertilizers increased plant growth and NPK uptake. Biofertilizers reduced soil pH, especially when applied in highest rates. Biofertilizers and TSP+KCl showed the best values of available P and K in soil. Rhizobial inoculation was effective on cowpea, but no nodules were formed by bacteria native from the soil, probably due to the effect of the solarization process. From obtained PK biofertilizers could be used as alternative for cowpea fertilization in Tableland soils.

Nutrient uptake by grape in a Brazilian soil affected by rock biofertilizer

“…While leaf P and K contents increased with application rate for both soluble and biofertilizers, the increase was much stronger for soluble fertilizer, with the reverse pattern for Mg leaf content, similarly to berry nutrient concentrations. These results are similar to those found for sugarcane and melon (Stamford et al, 2006(Stamford et al, , 2008. Faria et al, (2004) .…”

<b>Organic matter inoculated with diazotrophic bacterium <i>Beijerinckia indica</i> and <i>Cunninghamella elegans</i> fungus containing chitosan on banana “Williams” in field

“…The effects of chitosan application likely occurred because in the treatments with higher amounts of elemental sulfur inoculated with Acidithiobacillus, acid production increased the available P and K in the soil, as reported by Stamford, Lima, Santos, & Dias (2006); Stamford et al (2007); Stamford et al (2008); Stamford et al (2014). These effects also occurred because chitosan increased the levels of N, P and K in the substrates, as described by Kowalski et al (2006) and Goy et al (2009).…”

“…These oxidative bacteria use elemental sulfur to produce sulfuric acid and promote the availability of P and K contained in rocks through very high acidity and low pH (He, Baligar, Martens, Ritchey, & Kemper, 1996). This microbiological process promotes the transformation of elemental S into the soluble ion SO 4 2-, which is a plant nutrient, and the proton H + may be used for pH neutralization, especially in alkaline soils with high pH (Stamford, Santos, Silva Junior, Lira Junior, & Figueiredo, 2008).…”

“…Otha et al (2000) reported that chitosan increases plant growth due to the introduction of a higher amount of N and to improved defense against microbial pathogens. Chitin and chitosan may be found in crustaceans, which are traditional sources of biopolymers, but the use of fungi of the order Mucorales, which produce chitin and chitosan in their cellular walls, may be an important alternative for bioprotector production (Stamford et al, 2008).…”

Variáveis biométricas da cana-de-açúcar fertilizada com resíduos orgânico e industrial e irrigada com água servida e potável

“…STAMFORD et al (2006), trabalhando com biofertilizante, também encontraram efeito na matéria seca dos colmos da cana-de-açúcar, cultivada em solo de tabuleiro costeiro da Zona da Mata de Pernambuco, sendo os resultados semelhantes aos encontrados no presente trabalho.…”