Effect of reward magnitude, percentage of reinforcement, and training method on acquisition and reversal in a T maze.

Hill, Winfred F.; Cotton, John W.; Clayton, Keith N.

doi:10.1037/h0040244

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…However, neither an increase in percentage nor magnitude resulted in "elation." Rather, the results supported the conclusion (Hill, Cotton, & Clayton, 1962) that speed in reversal depends only upon current reward magnitude.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Choice between magnitude and percentage or reinforcement.

Spear¹

1964

Journal of Experimental Psychology

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A 3 X 3 X 2 factorial design (180 Ss) was employed with rats in a T maze in order to test: (a) certain interpretations of the partial-reinforcement extinction effect (PRE); (b) contrast effects of differential magnitude and percentage reinforcement; and (c) reward as a cue in reversal learning. During acquisition (100 trials) all Ss received 4 pellets upon each entry into the more favorable alternative and either 1, 2, or 4 pellets on either 26, 50, or 100% of their experiences with the less favorable alternative. Half the Ss were then given extinction and half reversal (27 trials). Equivalent experience with either alternative was maintained throughout. It was concluded that: (a) the obtained PRE could be more adequately interpreted in terms of frustrationbased concepts than by cognitive-dissonance theory; (b, c) no evidence was found for either contrast effects or cue value of reward.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Choice between magnitude and percentage or reinforcement.

Spear¹

1964

Journal of Experimental Psychology

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“…In general, the results also support findings of studies using rats as Ss wherein discrimination and single reversal acquisition are an increasing function of increases in magnitude of reward (Hill, Cotton, & Clayton, 1962;Hooper, 1967).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…In studies involving the establishment of a discriminative habit in rats and then a single reversal of the reinforcement contingencies, the general finding has been that large magnitudes of reward facilitate discrimination and reversal acquisition (Hill, Cotton, & Clayton, 1962;Hooper, 1967). In investigations manipulating drive level alone, results have been variable; high drive sometimes facilitates and sometimes retards discrimination and/or reversal acquisition (Arnms, 1958;Buchwald & Yamaguchi, 1955;Eisman, Asinow, & Maltzman, 1956;Kendler & Lachman, 1958;Wike, Blocher, & Knowles, 1963).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Successive discrimination reversal performance as a function of level of drive and incentive

Feldman

1968

Psychon Sci

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“…data in [33]; see [34] for review). Again, larger differences between alternatives, this time in probability, lead to preferences developing at a faster rate [4,31].…”

Section: Basic Effects: Magnitude and Probability Of Rewardmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…fig. 1 of [29]; also [30][31][32]). Similarly, if two alternatives deliver rewards with the same magnitude but with different probabilities, animals come to choose the alternative with the higher probability of reward at levels in excess of that reward probability, though generally not to the level of exclusive choice (e.g.…”

Section: Basic Effects: Magnitude and Probability Of Rewardmentioning

confidence: 99%

Context-dependent decision-making: a simple Bayesian model

Lloyd

Leslie

2013

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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Many phenomena in animal learning can be explained by a context-learning process whereby an animal learns about different patterns of relationship between environmental variables. Differentiating between such environmental regimes or 'contexts' allows an animal to rapidly adapt its behaviour when context changes occur. The current work views animals as making sequential inferences about current context identity in a world assumed to be relatively stable but also capable of rapid switches to previously observed or entirely new contexts. We describe a novel decision-making model in which contexts are assumed to follow a Chinese restaurant process with inertia and full Bayesian inference is approximated by a sequential-sampling scheme in which only a single hypothesis about current context is maintained. Actions are selected via Thompson sampling, allowing uncertainty in parameters to drive exploration in a straightforward manner. The model is tested on simple two-alternative choice problems with switching reinforcement schedules and the results compared with rat behavioural data from a number of T-maze studies. The model successfully replicates a number of important behavioural effects: spontaneous recovery, the effect of partial reinforcement on extinction and reversal, the overtraining reversal effect, and serial reversal-learning effects.

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Effect of reward magnitude, percentage of reinforcement, and training method on acquisition and reversal in a T maze.

Cited by 16 publications

References 10 publications

Choice between magnitude and percentage or reinforcement.

Choice between magnitude and percentage or reinforcement.

Successive discrimination reversal performance as a function of level of drive and incentive

Context-dependent decision-making: a simple Bayesian model

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