Effect of retained austenite on rolling element fatigue and its mechanism

Dong, Zhu; Wang, Fuxing; Qigong, Cai; Zheng, Mingxin; Yin-Quian, Cheng

doi:10.1016/0043-1648(85)90069-9

Cited by 43 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…12 It has been reported that the presence of retained austenite reduced the irregularity of the fatigue life and hence improved it. 4,5,13 The amount of retained austenite in 100Cr6 and Si modified steels after final heat treatment is given in Fig. 5.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On microstructure and properties of Si modified 100Cr6 bearing steels

Kim

Lee

2012

Materials Science and Technology

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As an alloying element to increase the resistance to softening during tempering, silicon content was modified to investigate its effect on the microstructure and properties of 100Cr6 bearing steel. It turned out that increasing the silicon content brought about two difficulties in the manufacturing process, promoting the decarburisation during heating and/or hot rolling and retarding the spheroidisation of cementite. The maximum size of non-metallic inclusions was predicted to reduce evidently with increasing silicon content, although the total oxygen content in steels was nearly the same. There has been no fine carbide precipitation during tempering that can be attributed to the increasing silicon content, leading to the stabilisation of retained austenite due to the diffusion of carbon atoms from martensite. As a result, the new Si modified high carbon chromium bearing steel showed superior rolling contact fatigue characteristics to conventional steel.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On microstructure and properties of Si modified 100Cr6 bearing steels

Kim

Lee

2012

Materials Science and Technology

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“…49 Muro and Tsushima 50 proposed that the induced residual stresses and the microstructural alterations are independent phenomena. 15 Research performed by Zhu et al 51 in 1985 on carburised rollers suggested that the structural change in the zone of maximum resolved shearing stresses observed by Jones 52 in 1947 and later by Carter 53 in 1960 as well as others is a manifestation of retained austenite transforming to martensite under cyclic Hertzian stress conditions. A combination of thermal and strain energy and time is believed to cause this change.…”

Section: Retained Austenitementioning

confidence: 95%

Rolling bearing steels – a technical and historical perspective

Zaretsky

2012

Materials Science and Technology

107

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Starting about 1920 it becomes easier to track the growth of bearing materials technology. Until 1955, with few exceptions, comparatively little progress was made in this area. AISI 52100 and some carburising grades (AISI 4320, AISI 9310) were adequate for most applications. The catalyst to quantum advances in high-performance rolling-element bearing steels was the advent of the aircraft gas turbine engine. With improved bearing manufacturing and steel processing together with lubrication technology, the potential improvements in bearing life can as much as 80 times that attainable in the late 1950s or as much as 400 times that attainable in 1940. This paper summarises the chemical, metallurgical and physical aspects of bearing steels and their effect on rolling bearing life and reliability: the single most important variable that has significantly increased bearing life and reliability is vacuum processing of bearing steel. Differences between through hardened, case carburised and corrosion resistant steels are discussed. The interrelation of alloy elements and carbides and their effect on bearing life are presented. An equation relating bearing life, steel hardness and temperature is given. Life factors for various steels are suggested and discussed. A relation between compressive residual stress and bearing life is presented. The effects of retained austenite and grain size are discussed.

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“…An appropriate amount of retained austenite may improve the RCF life by transforming it into deformation-induced martensite during rolling contact. 3,[22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] Various possibilities have been proposed regarding the role of deformationinduced martensite on RCF, such as the suppression of crack propagation via deformation-induced martensitic transformation at the stress-concentration part in the tip of the internal crack, 23) delayed fatigue of tempered martensite via formation of new martensite, 3,23) or introduction of compressive residual stress. 24,26) However, the mechanism remains largely unclear.…”

Section: Carbon Migration Behavior During Rolling Contact In Tempered...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3,[22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] Various possibilities have been proposed regarding the role of deformationinduced martensite on RCF, such as the suppression of crack propagation via deformation-induced martensitic transformation at the stress-concentration part in the tip of the internal crack, 23) delayed fatigue of tempered martensite via formation of new martensite, 3,23) or introduction of compressive residual stress. 24,26) However, the mechanism remains largely unclear. Clarifying the migration behavior of carbon in retained austenite at the rolling contact may elucidate the mechanism by which it enhances RCF life.…”

Section: Carbon Migration Behavior During Rolling Contact In Tempered...mentioning

confidence: 99%