Effect of resistance exercise volume and complexity on EMG, strength, and regional body composition

McBride, Jeffrey M.; Blaak, John B.; Triplett-McBride, Travis

doi:10.1007/s00421-003-0930-3

Cited by 61 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The ~21% increase in 1RM biceps curl in L+A is in line with other studies using similar strength training intervention, while the ~14% increase in A is slightly below the expected improvement (McCall et al 1996;Moss et al 1997;Hansen et al 2001;McBride et al 2003). The observations of superior gains in 1RM biceps curl and CSA in the L+A arm indicates that the acute elevations in circulating hormones contributes to strength training adaptations.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Physiological elevation of endogenous hormones results in superior strength training adaptation

Rønnestad¹,

Nygaard²,

Raastad

2011

Eur J Appl Physiol

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This file was dowloaded from the institutional repository Brage NIH -brage.bibsys.no/nih Rønnestad, B. R., Nygaard, H., Raastad, T. (2011) ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to determine the influence of transiently elevated endogenous hormone concentrations during exercise on strength training adaptations. Nine subjects performed four unilateral strength training session per week on the elbow flexors for 11 weeks. During two of the weekly sessions, leg exercises were performed to acutely increase the systemic anabolic hormone concentration immediately before the exercises for one of the elbow flexors (L+A). On the two other weekly training sessions, the contralateral elbow flexors were trained without prior leg exercises (A). By randomizing one arm of the subjects to serve as a control and the other as experimental, both conditions have the same nutritional and genetic environment. Serum testosterone and growth hormone was significantly increased during the L+A training session, while no hormonal changes occurred in the A session. Both A and L+A increased 1RM in biceps curl, peak power in elbow flexors at 30% and 60% of 1RM, and muscle volume of the elbow flexors (p<0.05). However, only L+A achieved increase in CSA at the part of the arm flexors with largest cross sectional area (p<0.001), while no changes occurred in A. L+A had superior relative improvement in 1RM biceps curl and favorable muscle adaptations in elbow flexors compared to A (p<0.05). In conclusion, performing leg exercises prior to arm exercises, and thereby increasing the levels of serum testosterone and growth hormone, induced superior strength training adaptations compared to arm training without acute elevation of hormones.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Physiological elevation of endogenous hormones results in superior strength training adaptation

Rønnestad¹,

Nygaard²,

Raastad

2011

Eur J Appl Physiol

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“…In line with previous studies, our study demonstrated that bone responds to site-specific exercise [24,36]. In this regard, many studies have studied the influence of resistance or high-impact exercises on increas- [19,25,29,37].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Bone Mineral Density in Female Professional Athletes Involved in Weight Bearing and Non-Weight Bearing Exercises

Heshmat

2015

Journal of Bone Biology and Osteoporosis

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The present study was designed to assess the effect of different types of exercises on the BMD values in female professional atheletes. The case control study was conducted on 59 healthy female atheletes aged between 20 and 30 years who were a member of the countryÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s national teams in the past three years. They were involved in weight-bearing (soccer and golf) and non-weight bearing (swimming and rowing) exercises. The BMD values of the L1Ã¢â‚¬â€œL4 anteroposterior lumbar spine and femoral subregions were recorded using a DXA bone densitometer and compared to that of a group of age and sex-matched non-athletes. Mean BMD values at all the studied sites were highest among the footballers and lowest among the golf players. Except for the spine, a significant difference between the BMD values at all the studied sites. As for spine, a significant difference was only seen in the BMD values of the footballers and that of golf players. There was no significant difference between the BMD values of the controls and those involved in either weight bearing or non-weight bearing exercises. The considerable difference noted in BMD values at different sites in footballers and golf playersÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ points out the great influence of weight-bearing exercises on the bone structure. The bonesÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ response to exercises is site-specific. High-impact weight bearing exercises stressing bones in a variety of directions are more effective in improving BMD values. Athletes involved in non-weight bearing exercises should do certain weight-bearing exercises to strengthen their bones.

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“…However, at post 20WE, both groups showed similar statistically significant changes in QUA EMG and BB EMG . McBride et al (2003) suggested that the use of greater volume may promote a faster rate of neural adaptations in young people. Nevertheless, the results of our study support a different hypothesis for older people.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time course of low- and high-volume strength training on neuromuscular adaptations and muscle quality in older women

Radaelli

Botton

Wilhelm

et al. 2014

AGE

107

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This study investigated the effects of low-and high-volume strength trainings on neuromuscular adaptations of lower-and upper-body muscles in older women after 6 weeks (6WE), 13 weeks (13WE), and 20 weeks (20WE) of training. Healthy older women were assigned to low-volume (LV) or high-volume (HV) training groups. The LV group performed one set of each exercise, while the HV group performed three sets, 2 days/ week. Knee extension and elbow flexion one-repetition maximum (1-RM), maximal isometric strength, maximal muscle activation, and muscle thickness (MT) of the lower-and upper-body muscles, as well as lower-body muscle quality (MQ) obtained by ultrasonography, were evaluated. Knee extension and elbow flexion 1-RM improved at all time points for both groups; however, knee extension 1-RM gains were greater for the HV group after 20WE. Maximal isometric strength of the lower body for both groups increased only at 20WE, while upper-body maximal isometric strength increased after 13WE and 20WE. Maximal activation of the lower and upper body for both groups increased only after 20WE. Both groups showed significant increases in MT of their lower and upper body, with greater gains in lower-body MT for the HV group at 20WE. MQ improved in both groups after 13WE and 20WE, whereas the HV group improved more than the LV group at 20WE. These results showed that low-and high-volume trainings have a similar adaptation time course in the muscular function of upper-body muscles. However, high-volume training appears to be more efficient for lower-body muscles after 20 weeks of training.

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Effect of resistance exercise volume and complexity on EMG, strength, and regional body composition

Cited by 61 publications

References 24 publications

Physiological elevation of endogenous hormones results in superior strength training adaptation

Physiological elevation of endogenous hormones results in superior strength training adaptation

Bone Mineral Density in Female Professional Athletes Involved in Weight Bearing and Non-Weight Bearing Exercises

Time course of low- and high-volume strength training on neuromuscular adaptations and muscle quality in older women

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