Effect of residual strain on radiation induced segregation in SS 304

The role of niobium carbide in radiation induced segregation behaviour of type 347 austenitic stainless steel

“…Also, pit-like features were not noticed within the matrix implying either absence of dislocation loops or absence of detectable chromium depletion at dislocation loops. It was demonstrated in a previous investigation [42] that strain-regions (that is, prior cold-work) within the matrix also led to increase in the current density during the reverse loop during the DL-EPR test and appeared as pit-like features within the grains. However, no such pit-like features were noticed within the matrix after the DL-EPR test for the irradiated specimen.…”

“…austenitic stainless steels [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29], duplex stainless steels [30][31][32][33][34][35], martensitic stainless steels [36,37] and nickel-based alloys [38][39][40][41]. The characterization of RIS using EPR followed by atomic force microscope (AFM) examination has been only recently applied [42,43]. It may be noted that the use of analytical techniques such as Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (STEM-EDS) and Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) reveal the extent of chromium depletion at individual grain boundary/microstructural feature and the use of EPR test characterize the extent of chromium depletion over the entire irradiated area exposed to the EPR solution.…”

Radiation-induced segregation in austenitic stainless steel type 304: Effect of high fraction of twin boundaries

“…Irradiations were carried out using 4.8 MeV proton beam at 300 • C at a dose rate of 1.38 × 10 −6 or 5.342 × 10 −6 dpa/s (displacement per atom/second). Other experimental details are described in an earlier reported study [49]. The specimen with the lower dose rate was irradiated to 0.86 dpa and with the higher dose rate was irradiated to 1.00 dpa.…”

“…The extent of RIS in protonirradiated specimens was assessed using DL-EPR test. The details of electrochemical test used in this investigation are described in earlier reported study [49]. The optical microstructure obtained after ASTM A 262 Practice A test is classified [53] as 'step' (no regions on grain boundaries attacked), 'dual' (partial attack on grain boundaries) and 'ditch' (at least one grain completely surrounded by attacked grain boundaries) structure.…”

“…The EPR test had also been used to characterize the extent 0921-5093/$ -see front matter © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.msea.2011.06.066 of RIS in austenitic stainless steels [43][44][45][46][47][48][49]. In this study, double loop EPR (DL-EPR) technique was used in combination with atomic force microscopic (AFM) examination to characterize the extent of RIS.…”