Effect of Reproductive Mode on Host Plant Utilization of Melon Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

Abstract

Variation in the reproductive mode of melon aphid Aphis gossypii Glover occurred on the large geographic scale, but the performance of different reproductive modes to use host plant is poorly understood. Life tables of melon aphid population that undergo the anholocyclic, androcyclic, and intermediate reproductive mode were conducted on different host plants. The results showed that the anholocyclic and androcyclic strains could become adults and produce offspring on cotton Gossypium hirsutum L., whereas the intermediate strain could not. The survival rate, net reproductive rate (R(0)), and intrinsic rate of natural increase (r(m)) of the androcyclic strain on cotton were significantly greater than that of the anholocyclic strain. The three strains could aptly use cucurbits host plants including cucumber Cucumis sativa L., pumpkin Cucurbita moschata (Duchesne ex Lam.), and zucchini Cucurbita pepo L.; survival rate and R(0) were not significantly different on these two host plants. Moreover, the r(m) of the anholocyclic strain on cucumber and the androcyclic strain on pumpkin and zucchini were significantly greater than that of the other two strains. The abilities of the three strains to use a host plant were flexible, because their r(m) on pumpkin or zucchini became equal after rearing for four successive generations; furthermore, the intermediate strain attained the ability to use cotton, and the performance of anholocyclic and intermediate strains to use cotton also significantly increased after feeding on pumpkin or zucchini for one or three generations. It was concluded that the reproductive mode and feeding experience affected the performance of melon aphid to use a host plant.

Hippocampal and parahippocampal volume and function predict antidepressant response in patients with major depression: A multimodal neuroimaging study

“…Our VBM analysis also identified a second cluster, comprising the right superior and middle temporal gyri, in which greater volumes were associated with better response. This result contradicts two previous studies that found lower volumes in these brain regions associated with better antidepressant treatment response (Liu and Gao, 2010; Sämann et al, 2013). However, a recent meta-analysis stressed the need to investigate the relation between right temporal areas and response in depression, provided that only these two studies reported significant associations, that the direction of the effect is opposite to what is usually found and expected, and that no analogous result has been identified for studies investigating structural correlates or treatment response to ECT or cognitive behavioral therapy (CBD) (Enneking et al, 2020).…”

“…As suggested by a recent review, generally, lower GM volumes appear to be linked to worse treatment outcomes (Kang and Cho, 2020). On the other hand, a few studies have associated lower baseline GM volumes with better treatment response, particularly in right temporal regions (Liu and Gao, 2010; Sämann et al, 2013).…”

How does the host‐specialized aphid deal with food deficiency?

“…Cucurbit-specialized Ando et al, 1992;Meng & Li, 2001;Wu et al, 2013 Cotton 2008; Liu & Gao, 2010). In Europe, the reproductive mode of A. gossypii was considered to be exclusively parthenogenetic (Fuller et al, 1999;Blackman & Eastop, 2000).…”

“…In China, the cotton‐specialized A. gossypii is known to be holocyclic (Zhang & Zhong, ), but the cucurbit‐specialized form was assumed to be anholocyclic. This is because it was easy to produce sexual forms of the cotton‐specialized aphids under short photoperiods and lower temperature conditions, while this proved impossible for cucurbit‐specialized forms (Zhang & Zhong, ; Gao & Liu, ; Liu & Gao, ). In Europe, the reproductive mode of A. gossypii was considered to be exclusively parthenogenetic (Fuller et al ., ; Blackman & Eastop, ).…”

Special Plant Species Determines Diet Breadth of Phytophagous Insects: A Study on Host Plant Expansion of the Host-Specialized Aphis gossypii Glover

“…The reproduction mode of A. gossypii was exclusive clonal in Europe, and it was mostly asexual with only once sexual in China and some other cool areas [14],[23],[24]. The parthenogenesis on a specific host plant during the annual cycle facilitated the formation and maintenance of host specialization [19],[25] [26]. The performances in host use, reproduction mode and genotype showed that the cotton- and cucurbits-specialized aphids had greater ecological and genetic divergence.…”