Effect of repeated irradiation on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy of copper immersed in a sodium chloride aqueous solution and normalization with bubble collapse time

Abstract

Strong correlations were found between underwater LIBS signals and bubble collapse time. Signal fluctuation caused by the repeated irradiation at a fixed position was successfully reduced by the normalization with bubble collapse time.

Characteristics of laser-induced plasma generated in water and in air with different nanosecond laser pulse durations

“…We calculated the relative standard deviations (RSDs) of the 6 ns and 17 ns lasers for the Al and Cu emission lines in water and in air, respectively. Considering the fact that the underwater LIBS signal ablated at a xed position changes dramatically as the number of laser shots increases, 34 the RSD was calculated from 20 single-shot spectra with the irradiation position changed shot-by-shot. The results are shown in Fig.…”