Effect of removal of stream‐bank vegetation upon water yield

Dunford, E. G.; Fletcher, Peter

doi:10.1029/tr028i001p00105

Cited by 62 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 3 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…This possible modification of the streamflow generation, derived from the virtual experiment is in agreement with the numerous field studies which demonstrated the increase of the water yield after clear cutting of riparian vegetation (Dunford and Fletcher, 1947;Ingebo, 1971;Dye and Poulter, 1995;Scott, 1999). However, such an extrapolation has to be done carefully because of the complex adaptation of riparian vegetation to new conditions.…”

Section: Synthesis: Overall Schematic Of the Hillslope Hydrodynamic Fsupporting

confidence: 70%

“…Conversely, insufficient water outflow in the model can result from too low riparian uptake or seepage into the river. Dunford and Fletcher (1947) on the Coweeta Experimental Forest, showed that a riparian forest could actually extract more water than expected. Following Jarvis (1989), another possible cause of insufficient water outflow is a compensation effect where reduced transpiration in the water-stressed parts of the root zone is balanced by increased transpiration in other parts.…”

Section: Year-to-year Variability Of the Simulated Functioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous studies have demonstrated that riparian forests use a part of the groundwater flow that, ultimately, feeds the streamflow, thus riparian forests decrease the water yield of the basin (e.g. Dunford and Fletcher, 1947). Trees within the riparian zone generally use more water than similar trees over the rest of the catchment (Dye and Poulter, 1995;Scott, 1999).…”

Section: A Richard Et Al: Interplay Of Riparian Forest and Groundwamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interplay of riparian forest and groundwater in the hillslope hydrology of Sudanian West Africa (northern Benin)

Richard

Galle

Descloîtres

et al. 2013

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Forests are thought to play an important role in the regional dynamics of the West African monsoon, through their capacity to extract water from a permanent and deep groundwater table to the atmosphere even during the dry season. It should be the case for riparian forests too, as these streambank forests are key landscape elements in Sudanian West Africa. The interplay of riparian forest and groundwater in the local hydrodynamics was investigated, by quantifying their contribution to the water balance. Field observations from a comprehensively instrumented hillslope in northern Benin were used. Particular attention was paid to measurements of actual evapotranspiration, soil water and deep groundwater levels. A vertical 2-D hydrological modelling approach using the Hydrus software was used as a testing tool to understand the interactions between the riparian area and the groundwater. The model was calibrated and evaluated using a multi-criteria approach (reference simulation). A virtual experiment, including three other simulations, was designed (no forest, no groundwater, neither forest nor groundwater).The model correctly simulated the hydrodynamics of the hillslope regarding vadose zone dynamics, deep groundwater fluctuation and actual evapotranspiration dynamics. The virtual experiment showed that the riparian forest transpiration depleted the deep groundwater table level and disconnected it from the river, which is consistent with the observations. The riparian forest and the deep groundwater table actually form an interacting transpiration system: the high transpiration rate in the riparian area was shown to be due to the existence of the water table, supplied by downslope lateral water flows within the hillslope soil layer. The simulated riparian transpiration rate was practically steady all year long, around 7.6 mm d −1 . This rate lies within high-end values of similar study results. The riparian forest as simulated here contributes to 37 % of the annual hillslope transpiration, and reaches 57 % in the dry season, whereas it only covers 5 % of the hillslope area.

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Section: Synthesis: Overall Schematic Of the Hillslope Hydrodynamic Fsupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Year-to-year Variability Of the Simulated Functioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Richard Et Al: Interplay Of Riparian Forest and Groundwamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interplay of riparian forest and groundwater in the hillslope hydrology of Sudanian West Africa (northern Benin)

Richard

Galle

Descloîtres

et al. 2013

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…Soils are Ultisols and are represented by Typic Hapludults with Cowee-Evard and Trimont gravelly loam series being the predominant soils on the watershed. The Coweeta Basin was selectively logged between 1909 and 1923, after which the only disturbances to WS 6 were the chestnut blight of the 1930s, and cutting of the riparian zone of 1-1 ha in 1942 (Dunford and Fletcher, 1947). By 1957, the cleared area had completely regrown and the basin as a whole was covered by an oak-hickory stand of low quality, typical of north-facing slopes in the Southern Appalachians, with scattered openings of rhododendron, mountain laurel, and other low shrubby species (Hibbert, 1969).…”

Section: Site Description and Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow frequency responses to hardwood‐to‐grass conversion and subsequent succession

Burt

Swank

1992

Hydrological Processes

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A 8-9 ha (22 acre) catchment at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory in western North Carolina was cleared of hardwood forest in 1958 and 1959 and seeded to Kentucky 31 fescue grass in 1959 and 1960. Grass production was high in years when fertilizer was applied and water yield was very similar to that expected from the original forest cover. As grass production declined, so water yields rose, with important increases in the magnitude of both low frequency flows and, particularly, in baseflow. In 1967 and 1968, when all vegetation was deadened in the catchment, the discharge levels in all flow frequency classes were higher. Natural revegetation was then allowed and water yields gradually declined towards the expected level, although there remained a tendency for winter flows to remain higher, and for summer flows to be lower than expected. This paper updates the earlier work of Hibbert (1969) and uses flow duration curves to extend his results.

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“…In July 1942, 12% of the catchment (2.7 acres) along the stream was cut to determine the effect on water yield of cutting streamside vegetation [Dunford and Fletcher, 1947]. Diurnal fluctuations of streamflow were damped for several weeks by this treatment, but the savings in evapotranspiration were not sufficient to be detected as a seasonal or annual increase in streamflow.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Yield Changes after Converting a Forested Catchment to Grass

Hibbert¹

1969

Water Resources Research

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Abstract. A. 22-acre catchment in the southern Appalachians was cleared of hardwood forest in 1958 and 1959 and seeded to Kentucky 31 fescue grass in 1959 and 1960. The amount of evapotranspiration by the grass cover was closely related to the amount of grass produced. During years when grass production was high, water yield from the catchment was about the same as or less than the expected yield from the original forest. As grass productivity declined, water yield gradually increased until it exceeded the predicted yield from the forest by over 5 inches annually. The grass appeared to evaporate more water early in the spring and less water late in the summer than the original forest cover.

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Effect of removal of stream‐bank vegetation upon water yield

Cited by 62 publications

References 3 publications

Interplay of riparian forest and groundwater in the hillslope hydrology of Sudanian West Africa (northern Benin)

Interplay of riparian forest and groundwater in the hillslope hydrology of Sudanian West Africa (northern Benin)

Flow frequency responses to hardwood‐to‐grass conversion and subsequent succession

Water Yield Changes after Converting a Forested Catchment to Grass

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