“…11,14,48 It is clearly seen that the pristine graphite records a two intense diffraction peaks located at 26.52˚ and 54.64˚ which are approximately compatible with its value of the first and third peaks of MWCNTs with approximately similar interlayer spacing and basal plane. 17,23,49 Figure 4.XRD diffraction of pristine multi-walled carbon nanotubes compared to Graphite.…”
This study focusses on the effect of the addition of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the morphology and thermal, rheological and electrical properties of hard copolymer polyurethane (HCPU) using 1,5 pentane-diols as a chain extender, containing 85% of hard segment blocks. Step-growth polymerisation was used to synthesise a HCPU polymer matrix, followed by melt compounding to prepare the nanocomposites. SEM investigation of the neat HCPU structure and its nanocomposites indicated the uniform dispersion of MWCNTs within the polymer matrix; further TEM morphology investigation showed some agglomeration regions, attributed to the high MWCNT content (2 wt%). An XRD test confirmed a homogeneous distribution of MWCNTs by observing the remaining location of the highest peaks of MWCNTs and amorphous peaks of the HCPU matrix. Analysis of the melt rheology test results showed an improvement in complex viscosity combined with an increase in the G’ and G” of nanocomposites from those of pure HCPU due to the presence of MWCNTs. Finally, electrical conductivity of nanocomposites demonstrated a significant improvement in its value at high loading of MWCNTs from that of pure HCPU matrix.
“…11,14,48 It is clearly seen that the pristine graphite records a two intense diffraction peaks located at 26.52˚ and 54.64˚ which are approximately compatible with its value of the first and third peaks of MWCNTs with approximately similar interlayer spacing and basal plane. 17,23,49 Figure 4.XRD diffraction of pristine multi-walled carbon nanotubes compared to Graphite.…”
This study focusses on the effect of the addition of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the morphology and thermal, rheological and electrical properties of hard copolymer polyurethane (HCPU) using 1,5 pentane-diols as a chain extender, containing 85% of hard segment blocks. Step-growth polymerisation was used to synthesise a HCPU polymer matrix, followed by melt compounding to prepare the nanocomposites. SEM investigation of the neat HCPU structure and its nanocomposites indicated the uniform dispersion of MWCNTs within the polymer matrix; further TEM morphology investigation showed some agglomeration regions, attributed to the high MWCNT content (2 wt%). An XRD test confirmed a homogeneous distribution of MWCNTs by observing the remaining location of the highest peaks of MWCNTs and amorphous peaks of the HCPU matrix. Analysis of the melt rheology test results showed an improvement in complex viscosity combined with an increase in the G’ and G” of nanocomposites from those of pure HCPU due to the presence of MWCNTs. Finally, electrical conductivity of nanocomposites demonstrated a significant improvement in its value at high loading of MWCNTs from that of pure HCPU matrix.
“…The interlayer distance of C(002) of GO is found to be 7.84 Å which is significantly larger than that of graphite (3.33 Å), indicating the incorporation of various oxygen-containing groups within the interlayer space during exfoliation. 45 Interestingly, the peak appeared at 111 in the case of GO is disappeared after the reduction of GO to RGO and a broad C(002) peak positioned at 2y B 24.51 with an interlayer spacing of 3.36 Å appeared. The decreased interlayer spacing indicates that partial reduction of oxygen-containing species occurred during the formation of RGO and this observation is consistent with the literature.…”
Stable and efficient electrocatalysts capable of oxidizing formic acid molecule is highly required to realize direct formic acid fuel cells (DFACs) as promising energy conversion sources. Herein, electrocatalytic activity of...
“…Thus, for larger crystallites (LMO pristine), the diffraction peaks were produced at the precise location of the Bragg angle due to coherent scattering within the structure. For smaller particles, the broadening of the diffraction peaks and a small deviation from the Bragg angle were observed [34].…”
Section: The Composition and Morphology Of Electrodesmentioning
The electrochemical parameters of a novel binder-free self-standing biomimetic cathode based on lithium manganese oxide (LMO) and carbon nanotubes (CNT) for rechargeable Lithium-ion aqueous batteries (ReLIAB) are improved using polyaniline (PANI) core-shell in situ polymerization and graphene (Gr). The fabricated cathode material exhibits the so-called “tectonic plate island bridge” biomimetic structure. This constitution is created by combining three components as shown by a SEM and a TEM analysis: the Gr substrates support an entangled matrix of conductive CNT which connect island of non-conductive inorganic material composed of LMO. The typical spinel structure of the LMO remains unchanged after modifying the basic structure with Gr and PANI due to a simplified hydrothermal method used for synthesis. The Gr and PANI core-shell coating improves the electric conductivity from 0.0025 S/cm up to 1 S/cm. The electrochemical performances of the LMO/CNT-Gr/PANI composite electrode are optimized up to 136 mA h g−1 compared to 111 mA h g−1 of the LMO/CNT. Besides that, the new electrode shows good cycling stability after 200 galvanostatic charging/discharging cycles, making this structure a future candidate for cathode materials for ReLIAB.
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