Effect of reassortment on the nucleotide and amino acid changes of human A/H3N2 RNP subunits during 1998–2009

Wong, Karen; Bull, Rowena A.; Stelzer-Braid, Sacha; Fennell, Michael; Rawlinson, William D.

doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2011.05.013

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 52 publications

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“…A remarkable example is the unearthing of the major reassortment events at the origin of the 2009 H1N1 influenza A epidemic strain [15]. It has become clear that the severity of an influenza epidemic season can be influenced not only by variability in the surface glycoproteins but also by differences in the internal proteins of circulating viruses [16], [17]. Analyses of the influenza evolution process, however, have focused most often on individual viral genes, usually the hemagglutinin glycoprotein gene (HA), without exploring the interactions among and between the other genes and gene products [6], [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Molecular Epidemiology and Evolutionary Dynamics of Influenza A Virus in Taiwan

et al. 2013

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The evolution and population dynamics of human influenza in Taiwan is a microcosm of the viruses circulating worldwide, which has not yet been studied in detail. We collected 343 representative full genome sequences of human influenza A viruses isolated in Taiwan between 1979 and 2009. Phylogenetic and antigenic data analysis revealed that H1N1 and H3N2 viruses consistently co-circulated in Taiwan, although they were characterized by different temporal dynamics and degrees of genetic diversity. Moreover, influenza A viruses of both subtypes underwent internal gene reassortment involving all eight segments of the viral genome, some of which also occurred during non-epidemic periods. The patterns of gene reassortment were different in the two subtypes. The internal genes of H1N1 viruses moved as a unit, separately from the co-evolving HA and NA genes. On the other hand, the HA and NA genes of H3N2 viruses tended to segregate consistently with different sets of internal gene segments. In particular, as reassortment occurred, H3HA always segregated as a group with the PB1, PA and M genes, while N2NA consistently segregated with PB2 and NP. Finally, the analysis showed that new phylogenetic lineages and antigenic variants emerging in summer were likely to be the progenitors of the epidemic strains in the following season. The synchronized seasonal patterns and high genetic diversity of influenza A viruses observed in Taiwan make possible to capture the evolutionary dynamic and epidemiological rules governing antigenic drift and reassortment and may serve as a “warning” system that recapitulates the global epidemic.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Molecular Epidemiology and Evolutionary Dynamics of Influenza A Virus in Taiwan

et al. 2013

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Comparison of influenza virus replication fidelity in vitro using selection pressure with monoclonal antibodies

Wong

Rockman

Ong

et al. 2013

Journal of Medical Virology

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The replication fidelity of reassortant A/Fujian/411/02(H3N2)-like influenza viruses was assessed by in vitro detection of escape mutants developing under selective pressure from monoclonal antibodies. The results showed A/Wyoming/3/03(H3N2) possessed lower fidelity relative to the A/California/7/04(H3N2) and A/Wisconsin/57/05(H3N2) viruses through the emergence of mutant viruses carrying H156Q hemagglutinin mutation which allows antibody escape. Using the neutralization assay to compare the fidelity of reassortant pandemic A/California/7/09(H1N1) viruses, the pandemic virus was shown to possess relative higher fidelity compared to A/Wyoming/3/03. This higher fidelity may contribute to the lack of major antigenic changes in the pandemic virus since the emergence in 2009.

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Evolution of infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISA virus)

et al. 2012

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Infectious salmon anaemia virus, ISA virus (genus Isavirus, family Orthomyxoviridae), emerged in Norwegian salmon culture in the mid-80s. The genome consists of eight segments coding for at least 10 proteins. ISA viruses show many of similarities to influenza A viruses but differ in many important aspects such as the number of hosts, the host population structure and the route of transmission. The only known hosts and reservoirs for ISA viruses are salmonids found in countries surrounding the North Atlantic. In this study, four different segments of the genome of about 100 ISA viruses have been sequenced in an attempt to understand the evolution of ISA viruses and how these viruses are maintained in and transmitted between populations of farmed Atlantic salmon. The four gene segments code for the nucleoprotein (NP), the putative acid polymerase (PA), the fusion protein (F) and the haemagglutinin-esterase (HE). Analysis of these four genes showed that the substitution rates of the internal proteins (NP and PA) are lower than those of the two surface proteins (F and HE). All four segments are evolving at a lower rate than similar genes in influenza A viruses. The ISA virus populations consist of avirulent viruses and pathogenic strains with variable virulence in Atlantic salmon. Recombination resulting in inserts close to the proteolytic-cleavage site of the precursor F0 protein and deletions in the stalk region of the HE protein seem to be responsible for the transition from avirulent ISA viruses to pathogenic strains. It is also shown that reassortment is a frequent event among the dominating ISA viruses in farmed Atlantic salmon. The pattern that is obtained after phylogenetic analysis of the four gene segments from ISA viruses suggests that the variation is limited to a few distinct clades and that no major changes have occurred in the ISA virus population in Norway since the first viruses were isolated. Calculation of the time of most recent common ancestor (TMRCA) suggests that the Norwegian ISA viruses separated from the European subtype found in North America between 1932 and 1959. The TMRCA data also suggest that the ISA viruses in Chile were transmitted from Norway in the period from 1995 to 2007, depending on which of the four genes were used in the analysis.

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Effect of reassortment on the nucleotide and amino acid changes of human A/H3N2 RNP subunits during 1998–2009

Cited by 4 publications

References 52 publications

Exploring the Molecular Epidemiology and Evolutionary Dynamics of Influenza A Virus in Taiwan

Exploring the Molecular Epidemiology and Evolutionary Dynamics of Influenza A Virus in Taiwan

Comparison of influenza virus replication fidelity in vitro using selection pressure with monoclonal antibodies

Evolution of infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISA virus)

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