Effect of reaction variables on the formation of silica particles by hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate using sodium hydroxide as a basic catalyst

Dingsøyr, E.; Christy, Alfred A.

doi:10.1007/3-540-44941-8_11

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 12 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Under similar conditions, NaOH-catalyzed reaction was faster than the NH 4 OH catalysis. Although, NH 4 OH can serve as a better source for hydroxyls for longer durations than NaOH due to its partial ionization and its ability to recycle between NH 3 and NH 4 + states in an aqueous solution as speculated in previous reports [29, 39]. On the contrary, we anticipate that NaOH being a stronger base than NH 4 OH has the highest ionizability and thus completely dissociates to ions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 51%

“…Sodium hydroxide served as a better catalyst for this condensation reaction, as also described by Dingsoyr and Christy in their regression modeling approach [29], because (i) unlike ammonium hydroxide, which has a tendency to adsorb on the NP surface (figure 2) [28], it is easy to remove NaOH from the reaction mixture, as confirmed by the ninhydrin test (ii) the abrasive properties of NaOH provided a higher surface area, as confirmed by the surface area analysis using N 2 gas adsorption-based BET method, and (iii) the reaction with NaOH completed in 20 min compared to 20 h with NH 4 OH. Therefore, the developed approach for SiNP synthesis is time saving and does not involve intensive post processing to remove by-products and reagents.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, stable and highly monodispersed SiNPs in a size range of 60–550 nm were obtained. In addition, our approach has covered all the aspects of an optimized process development, which were lacking in similar previous studies by Dingsoyr [29] and Hyde [30]. The work described in this report has tremendous potential as being adapted for industrial synthesis after scaling up.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…We have replaced NH 4 OH with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as a catalyst. Dingsoyr and Christy (2000) in a seminal work has described NaOH as potential base catalyst [29]. They have employed a multiparametric mathematical regression modeling approach to perform design of experiment for exploring the SiNP synthesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Sodium hydroxide catalyzed monodispersed high surface area silica nanoparticles

Bhakta

Dixit

Bist

et al. 2016

Mater. Res. Express

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Understanding of the synthesis kinetics and our ability to modulate medium conditions allowed us to generate nanoparticles via an ultra-fast process. The synthesis medium is kept quite simple with tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as precursor and 50% ethanol and sodium hydroxide catalyst. Synthesis is performed under gentle conditions at 20 °C for 20 min Long synthesis time and catalyst-associated drawbacks are most crucial in silica nanoparticle synthesis. We have addressed both these bottlenecks by replacing the conventional Stober catalyst, ammonium hydroxide, with sodium hydroxide. We have reduced the overall synthesis time from 20 to 1/3 h, ~60-fold decrease, and obtained highly monodispersed nanoparticles with 5-fold higher surface area than Stober particles. We have demonstrated that the developed NPs with ~3-fold higher silane can be used as efficient probes for biosensor applications.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 51%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Sodium hydroxide catalyzed monodispersed high surface area silica nanoparticles

Bhakta

Dixit

Bist

et al. 2016

Mater. Res. Express

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…71 This process works particularly well for particles with sizes of 30-60 nm, yielding silica spheres with excellent monodispersity. The large-sized silica, however, especially over 30 nm, can lead to silicon nanoparticles with the same large size, which can limit the diffusion of the electrolyte, resulting in low capacity and coulombic efficiency.…”

Section: Tetraethyl Orthosilicate (Teos)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Si-containing precursors for Si-based anode materials of Li-ion batteries: A review

Zhang

Liu

Zhao

et al. 2016

Energy Storage Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Lithium-ion batteries with high energy density are in demand for consumer electronics, electric vehicles, and grid-scale stationary energy storage. Si is one of the most promising anode materials due to its extremely high specific capacity. However, the full application of Si-based anode materials is limited by poor cycle life and rate capability resulted from low ionic/electronic conductivity and large volume change over cycling. In recent years, great progress has been made in improving the performance of Si anodes by employing nanotechnology. The preparation methods are essentially important, in which the precursors used are crucial to design and control the microstructure for the Si-based materials. In this review, we provide comprehensive summary and comment on different Si-containing precursors for preparation of nanosized Si-based anode materials and focus on the corresponding electrochemical performances in lithium-ion batteries. Bulk sized silicon, silicon wafer and silicon microparticles are generally used as starting materials to synthesize porous or nanosized silicon, and the routes for the synthesis are rather mature and commercially available. Silica is also commonly used to form silicon by conversion through a facile magnesiothermic reduction. Silica derivation from natural resources, especially from rice husks, is much more sustainable and lower cost than alternative methods, which attracts considerable research attention. In addition, gaseous Si-based sources like SiH4, Si2H6 and SiHxCly, liquid silicon sources like trisilane and phenylsilane and elemental silicon have successfully used to prepare nanosized or carbon-coated silicon. Further considerations on massive production possibility have also been presented. Si-Containing Precursors for Si-Based Anode Materials of Li-Ion Batteries AbstractLithium-ion batteries with high energy density and large power output are in demand for consumer electronics, electric vehicles, and grid-scale stationary energy storage. Silicon is one of the most promising anode materials because it has 10 times higher specific capacity than that of the commercial graphitic carbon anode. Unfortunately, the practical utilization of silicon-based anode materials is still hindered by its low electronic conductivity and high capacity fading rate due to the large volume changes upon insertion and extraction of Li ions during cycling. Introducing porous structure, along with decreasing the dimension of Si-based materials to nanosize, is an effective way to address these problems. During the past decade, tremendous attention has been paid to improve Si anodes so as to give them better electrochemical performance. In this review, we focus the Si-containing precursors for preparation of Si-based anode materials.3

show abstract