Effect of Reaction Temperature on Structure, Appearance and Bonding Type of Functionalized Graphene Oxide Modified P-Phenylene Diamine

Abstract

In this study, graphene oxides with different functionalization degrees were prepared by a facile one-step hydrothermal reflux method at various reaction temperatures using graphene oxide (GO) as starting material and p-phenylenediamine (PPD) as the modifier. The effects of reaction temperature on structure, appearance and bonding type of the obtained materials were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that when the reaction temperature was 10–70 °C, the GO reacted with PPD through non-covalent ionic bonds (–COO−H3+N–R) and hydrogen bonds (C–OH…H2N–X). When the reaction temperature reached 90 °C, the GO was functionalized with PPD through covalent bonds of C–N. The crystal structure of products became more ordered and regular, and the interlayer spacing (d value) and surface roughness increased as the temperature increased. Furthermore, the results suggested that PPD was grafted on the surface of GO through covalent bonding by first attacking the carboxyl groups and then the epoxy groups of GO.

Preparation of Positive and Negative Composite Electrode Materials for High-Performance Aqueous Asymmetric Supercapacitor by a Sequential Two-Step Reaction

“…To demonstrate that the organic molecules are covalently grafted onto graphene, many measures have been adopted, such as FT-IR, XRD, and XPS. As shown in Figure a, for the PRG material, the characteristic peak of the amide carbonyl group at 1643 cm –1 and the stretching vibrations of the N–H and C–N bonds at 1497 and 1396 cm –1 indicate that an amidation reaction has occurred between PPD and GO . The same conclusion can be proven by XPS spectra of PRG.…”

“…As shown in Figure 2a, for the PRG material, the characteristic peak of the amide carbonyl group at 1643 cm −1 and the stretching vibrations of the N−H and C−N bonds at 1497 and 1396 cm −1 indicate that an amidation reaction has occurred between PPD and GO. 45 The same conclusion can be proven by XPS spectra of PRG. In Figure 2d, C For the PRG@NDI-2 material, intense absorption peaks observed at 1710 and 1660 cm −1 are indicative of the carbonyl groups within the polyimide (Figure 2a).…”

Enhanced oxygen evolution reaction on amine functionalized graphene oxide in alkaline medium

“…Accordingly, the representative signals at 399.5 eV and 401.0 eV correspond to the NH-C] O and C-N groups respectively. [48][49][50] The wide scan XPS spectra of GO (i) and T-GO (ii) shown in Fig. 3(b) conrm the functionalization of tyramine on GO from the additional signal corresponding to N appearing in T-GO.…”

Element-Doped Functional Carbon-Based Materials

“…E. Rodriguez-Acevedo et al [20] demonstrated that shallow reservoirs could be effective for carbon capture after injecting nanofluids based on N-rich carbon nanospheres. Finally, the last articles of this Special Issue deal with the development of N-doped graphene films for high sensitivity electrodes [21]; the functionalization of graphene oxides with p-phenylenediamine as a modifier [22]; and the induction of magnetic moments in graphene by introducing sp 3 -defects [23].…”