Effect of Raw Soybeans and Soybean Oil Meal on the Vitamin A and Carotene Concentrations in the Blood Plasma and Milk of Lactating Cows

Ohshita

et al. 2014

Animal Science Journal

Vitamins with antioxidative functions are commonly used as supplements to improve fertility in dairy cows. However, according to field test results uncertainty exists about the effect of these vitamins, especially in vitamin A and vitamin E, on ovarian functional activity. This study was performed to reveal the physiological characteristics of cows receiving enough feed and the ovaries of which were activated in the early postpartum period. Six of 12 primiparous cows showing the corpus luteum on 25 to 27 days after parturition were classified as early responders (PER); the remaining six were classified as late responders (PLR). Among 11 multiparous cows, nine were early responders (MER), and the remaining two were late responders (MLR). Plasma concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in the PER were lower than those in the PLR (P<0.01). The ratio of plasma all-trans-retinol to intake α-tocopherol or β-carotene were increased in the following order: MER

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 58%

“…; Squibb et al . ). In this study, the PLRs had higher ratios of PVA or PBC to InVE or InBC than the PERs and MERs did.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, vitamin A and vitamin E levels and resumption of postpartum ovarian activity in dairy cows

Ohshita

et al. 2014

Animal Science Journal

“…1). Vitamin A levels in plasma and milk were reported to be stable even when cows were administered with excess vitamin A (Squibb et al 1949); presumably, orally administrated vitamin A is stored in the liver and only released by needed amounts for retinol homeostasis. However, in this study, the excess vitamin A was discharged through colostrum; thus, the concentration of vitamin A in the milk increased as the quantity of the vitamins administered increased.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Single Oral Dose of Excess Vitamin A and/or Vitamin E in Improving Ovarian Function Three Days Post-parturition in Primiparous Dairy Cows

AOKI

2023

JARQ

Dairy farmers dose their cows continuously with high amount of fat-soluble vitamin supplements to improve reproductive capacity and milk quality. However, these amounts are sometimes detrimental to the health of cows. Farmers require effective methods of vitamin supplementation methods without side effects. Our study aims to ascertain the effects of a single, high-concentration oral dose of vitamin A and E supplements on the reproductive performance of dairy cows. The cows were classified based on when did their first ovulation occur: within the first three weeks postpartum (early responder: ER) or after three weeks postpartum (late responder). This is based on the notion that the first postpartum ovulation is a useful indicator of reproductive function recovery in cows. We tested whether supplementation with vitamin A, E, or both effectively induced ovulation during the early postpartum period. Three out of the eight primiparous cows that were not administered a vitamin supplement and were considered ER. All six primiparous cows that were administered a single supplement mixture containing vitamins A (20,000,000 IU) and E (2,000 mg) three days postpartum were ERs. Additionally, all primiparous cows supplied either vitamin A (n = 4) or E (n = 4) alone were also ERs. All primiparous cows treated with even half the amount of vitamins A and E used in Experiment 1 (10,000,000 IU and 1,000 mg, respectively) were designated ERs. These results strongly suggest that even a single dose of excess vitamin A and E (whether administered jointly or separately) can improve ovarian function in dairy cattle during the early postpartum period.

Journal of Dairy Research

“…By contrast Eaton, Christian, Daugherty, Spielman & Matterson (273) found that the increase in vitamin A in blood of ewes or sows, or their offspring, or in the vitamin A of the livers of their offspring, were unaffected by simultaneous ingestion by the dams of soya lecithin. Squibb, Cannon & Allen (274) found that raw soyabeans reduced the blood plasma carotene of cows, but that the reduction did not occur when soyameal free from oil was used. Ellmore & Shaw (275) found that raw soyabeans reduced vitamin A in plasma also.…”

Section: Occurrence Of Oestrogen In Forage Plantsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section A. Physiology of dairy cattle: Part II. Physiology and biochemistry of rumination

Owen

1951

Studies of rumination have now reached the interesting stage where an attempt at synthesis of empirical data may profitably be made without too much reliance on unsupported hypotheses. The modern researches stimulated by the approach of the recent World War, and actively continued since in many countries, have been a vindication of the inspired guess known as the hypothesis of Zuntz(l), who suggested that the abundant bacterial flora of the rumen were beneficent symbionts rather than mere commensals. This beneficent symbiosis is probably due to the age-long adaptation of ruminants to a diet rich in cellulose, of which a cow may digest more than 60% of its large intake (2). Ruminal bacteria perform many functions of value to their host. They bring about the digestion of cellulose, a process for which the host animal has no appropriate enzymes. They enable the host to cover a not inconsiderable proportion of its amino-acid requirements by means of such simple nitrogen compounds as ammonium salts, glycine or urea(3). Finally, they render the host independent of exogenous supplies of many of the water-soluble and at least one of the fat-soluble vitamins (vitamin K(3)). These are all major advantages which have probably ensured the survival of the ruminant during the geologically recent vicissitudes of the earth's climate. There are also certain minor biochemical advantages in the possession of a rumen with its abundant microflora. Thus phytin, which is abundant in all seeds and which in non-ruminants is rachitogenic, is hydrolysed completely into non-toxic products in the rumen (4). Defatted soyabean (so-called soyabean oilmeal) unless heat-treated to deactivate the antitrypsins which it contains is toxic to the rat (5). The ruminant, however, tolerates it well. Rumination has, of course, its disadvantages too. Thus a ruminant is not as efficient a digester of its preferred diet as is, say, a carnivore, of its preferred diet. With bacterial aid it can digest cellulose which the carnivore can hardly digest at all, but even with bacterial aid its digestion is comparatively slow, and a large fraction of the cellulose normally passes through the alimentary tract undigested. The ruminant's great merit from the economic viewpoint of the animal husbandman is that it digests a diet so rich in cellulose as to be useless to other domestic animals (2,6,7). It will tolerate far more crude fibre (cellulose) in its diet than will chickens, pigs or even rabbits(2). In comparison with the pig or the dog, the ruminant has a large appetite which is a necessary consequence of its large intake of food of low digestibility. To facilitate bacterial digestion the ruminant has a large 'fill'(8), that is to say, the ratio of the weight of food and food residues in the animal at any time to the weight of the animal's living tissues is large. This is due to the delay of the food, during its passage through the animal, in the rumen, the caecum and the colon, in all of which chambers bacterial fermentations are active. Thus the ruminant carries ...