Effect of Ratio of Scrap to Iron Source on Slag–Metal Reaction at the Bottom of Blast Furnace and Packed Bed Type Partial Smelting Reduction Furnace

Kato, Kengo; Ono, Hideki

doi:10.2355/isijinternational.isijint-2021-281

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Therefore, it is essential to control the thermodynamic activity of the elements, considering the coexistence of tramp elements. [12][13][14] In the previous report, 15) an analysis model was developed to simulate the slag-metal reaction equilibrium considering the impurity elements in the steel scrap. The effects of the scrap ratio (iron mass ratio of scrap to scrap and sinter) on the hot metal and slag compositions were thermodynamically analyzed.…”

Section: Interaction Coefficients Of Cu and Sn With Mn In Molten Iron...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, those effects were ignored in the previous analysis. In this work, the interaction coefficients of Cu and Sn with Mn were measured at 1 873 K. Furthermore, the measured values were applied to the analysis model developed by the authors, 15) and the effects of using scrap on the composition of the hot metal and slag were thermodynamically analyzed.…”

Section: Interaction Coefficients Of Cu and Sn With Mn In Molten Iron...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using the analytical model developed in the previous work, 15) the effects of scrap ratio on hot metal and molten slag composition were thermodynamically analyzed considering the interaction coefficients e Mn in Fe as an example, the analysis model is described in this section. The reaction formula and equilibrium constant (K Mn ) of the redox reaction of Mn are expressed as Eqs.…”

Section: Thermodynamic Analysis Of the Compositions Of Hot Metal And ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Equations for the equilibrium concentrations of C, O, Si, S, P, and Fe in molten iron were obtained in the same method. 15) Furthermore, the mass conservation of Ca, Si, Al, Mg, Mn, Fe, S, P, Cu, Sn, Ni, and Cr were considered. For example, the mass conservation equation of Mn is expressed as Eq.…”

Section: Thermodynamic Analysis Of the Compositions Of Hot Metal And ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interaction Coefficients of Cu and Sn with Mn in Molten Iron at 1873 K

2022

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Section: Interaction Coefficients Of Cu and Sn With Mn In Molten Iron...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Interaction Coefficients Of Cu and Sn With Mn In Molten Iron...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Thermodynamic Analysis Of the Compositions Of Hot Metal And ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Thermodynamic Analysis Of the Compositions Of Hot Metal And ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interaction Coefficients of Cu and Sn with Mn in Molten Iron at 1873 K

2022

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“…Accordingly, it is essential to understand the required amount of C. The author performed the thermodynamic analysis of slag/metal reactions in the ironmaking process using sinters and steel scrap as iron sources 6,7) , reported the effects of using scarp on the ironmaking process, and proposed the operating conditions to produce hot metal with low impurity contents. In this study, the equilibrium of slag/metal reactions in the steelmaking process using DRI and steel scraps were thermodynamically analyzed, and the effect of using scrap on the equilibrium composition of molten steel and slag and the conditions to produce low-phosphorous molten steel from high-P content DRI and steel scrap were discussed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamic Analysis on Slag/Metal Reactions in Steelmaking Process Using Direct Reduced Iron and Steel Scraps

Kato,

Ono

2024

ISIJ Int.

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Hydrogen reduction processes of iron ores are being developed to achieve carbon neutrality.However, high-grade iron ore pellets used in the current direct reduction process will be depleted in the future. On the other hand, steel scraps recovered from society are usually contaminated with tramp elements, which are difficult to remove in the current steel refining processes. To produce high-quality steel from DRI and steel scraps, molten steel composition in the melting process should be optimized considering the impurities originating in iron resources and conditions such as temperature and oxygen potential. In this study, the equilibrium of slag/metal reactions in the steelmaking process using DRI and steel scraps were thermodynamically analyzed, and the effect of using scrap on the composition of molten steel and slag and the conditions to produce lowphosphorous molten steel from high-P content DRI and steel scrap were discussed. The use of steel scrap showed such advantages as a decrease in the concentrations of Si, S, and P originating from high-P DRI, a decrease in the amount of slag, and a reduction in the amount of limestone required to maintain slag basicity. Moreover, the P content of iron can be decreased to 13 mass ppm at 1873K and 𝑃 = 10 -10 atm even when the high-P DRI is used in combination with steel scrap. The thermodynamic analysis showed the potential for carbon-free steel by optimizing the hydrogen reduction process and the melting process of DRI with steel scraps..

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Circular Steel for Fast Decarbonization: Thermodynamics, Kinetics, and Microstructure Behind Upcycling Scrap into High-Performance Sheet Steel

Raabe,

Jovičević-Klug,

Ponge

et al. 2024

Annual Review of Materials Research

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Steel production accounts for approximately 8% of all global CO2 emissions, with the primary steelmaking route using iron ores accounting for about 80% of those emissions, mainly due to the use of fossil-based reductants and fuel. Hydrogen-based reduction of iron oxide is an alternative for primary synthesis. However, to counteract global warming, decarbonization of the steel sector must proceed much faster than the ongoing transition kinetics in primary steelmaking. Insufficient supply of green hydrogen is a particular bottleneck. Realizing a higher fraction of secondary steelmaking thus is gaining momentum as a sustainable alternative to primary production. Steel production from scrap is well established for long products (rails, bars, wire), but there are two main challenges. First, there is not sufficient scrap available to satisfy market needs. Today, only one-third of global steel demand can be met by secondary metallurgy using scrap since many steel products have a lifetime of several decades. However, scrap availability will increase to about two-thirds of total demand by 2050 such that this sector will grow massively in the next decades. Second, scrap is often too contaminated to produce high-performance sheet steels. This is a serious obstacle because advanced products demand explicit low-tolerance specifications for safety-critical and high-strength steels, such as for electric vehicles, energy conversion and grids, high-speed trains, sustainable buildings, and infrastructure. Therefore, we review the metallurgical and microstructural challenges and opportunities for producing high-performance sheet steels via secondary synthesis. Focus is placed on the thermodynamic, kinetic, chemical, and microstructural fundamentals as well as the effects of scrap-related impurities on steel properties.

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Effect of Ratio of Scrap to Iron Source on Slag–Metal Reaction at the Bottom of Blast Furnace and Packed Bed Type Partial Smelting Reduction Furnace

Cited by 3 publications

References 31 publications

Interaction Coefficients of Cu and Sn with Mn in Molten Iron at 1873 K

Interaction Coefficients of Cu and Sn with Mn in Molten Iron at 1873 K

Thermodynamic Analysis on Slag/Metal Reactions in Steelmaking Process Using Direct Reduced Iron and Steel Scraps

Circular Steel for Fast Decarbonization: Thermodynamics, Kinetics, and Microstructure Behind Upcycling Scrap into High-Performance Sheet Steel

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