Effect of Rare Earth Metals, Sr, and Ti Addition on the Microstructural Characterization of A413.1 Alloy

Mahmoud, Mohamed; Samuel, A. M.; Doty, H. W.; Valtierra, S.; Samuel, F. H.

doi:10.1155/2017/4712946

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Most of these studies were carried out on 356 alloys that were characterized by their long freezing range (6.5%Si). Figure 1 shows a clear depression in the eutectic temperature of 356 alloys (like that reported for Sr addition [28]). However, the microstructure did not reveal a significant modification [29,30] of the eutectic Si as claimed by the other authors.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 71%

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Effect of Casting Processes, Rare Earth Metals, and Sr Addition on Porosity Formation in Al-Si Cast Alloys

Samuel,

M. Samuel,

Songmene

et al. 2024

Recent Advancements in Aluminum Alloys

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The present work was carried out on A413.1cast alloy that was characterized by short freezing temperature range. Measured amounts of high purity (99.99%) rare earth metals (Ce, La, La + Ce) were added to the non-modified and Sr-modified molten metal. Three casting molds were used viz., graphite mold heated at 600°C for the purpose of obtaining solidification curves, metallic mold with three variable opening angles heated at 350°C, and a step-like metallic mold heated at 200 and 400°C. The main results are earth metals (RE) would lead to porosity formation in all molds with increase in its percentage in Sr-modified alloys. Since the maximum α-Al network formation temperature is in the range of 575–580°C, some of the RE may precipitate in the liquid state leading to blocking the flow of the liquid metal. However, considering the metal was degassed using high purity argon gas, most of the observed porosities are of shrinkage type. In addition, increasing the amount of used RE, and hence percentage of unsoluble intermetallics results in marked decrease in the alloy strength. The only observed advantage is the effectiveness of La is reducing the alloy grain size due to its low affinity to react with Ti.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 71%

“…Figure 1.Effect of addition of high purity La and Ce on the thermal behavior of 356 alloys (solidification rate of about 0.8°C/s), (b) alloy #1, (c) alloy #11. Note the absence of modification[28].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Casting Processes, Rare Earth Metals, and Sr Addition on Porosity Formation in Al-Si Cast Alloys

Samuel,

M. Samuel,

Songmene

et al. 2024

Recent Advancements in Aluminum Alloys

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“…The effects of different addition levels (0.0-1.0 wt.%) of La-based MM and heat treatment on the microstructure and tensile properties of two different sections of Al-Si casting alloy A357 were studied by Mousavi et al [68][69][70]. Optimum recommended levels of MM are 0.1 wt.% and 0.3 wt.% for thin and thick sections of the casting, respectively.…”

Section: Mm-modified T6-a356 Alloysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Rare Earth Metals in Al-Si Cast Alloys

Mahmoud¹,

Zedan²,

Samuel³

et al. 2021

Advances in High-Entropy Alloys - Materials Research, Exotic Properties and Applications

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The present article reviews a large number of research publications on the effect of mischmetal (MM), rare earth metals (RE), La or Ce, and combinations of La + Ce on the performance of Al-Si cast alloys mainly 319, 356, 380, 413, and 390 alloys. Most of these articles focused on the use of rare earth metals as a substitute for strontium (Sr) as a eutectic silicon (Si) modifier if added in low percentage (< 1 wt.%) to avoid precipitation of a significant amount of insoluble intermetallics and hence poor mechanical properties. Other points that were considered were the affinity of RE to react with Sr., reducing its effectiveness as modifier, as well as the grain refining efficiency of the added RE in any form. None of these articles mentioned the exact composition of the RE used and percentage of tramp elements inherited from the parent ore. Using high purity La or Ce proved to have no effect on the Si shape, size or distribution, in particular at low solidification rates (thick sections). However, regardless the source of the RE, its addition to Sr-modified alloys reduced the modification effect. As for grain refining, apparently a high percentage of RE (> 1 wt.%) is required to achieve a noticeable reduction in grain size, however at the cost of alloy brittleness.

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“…Castings made of magnesium alloys of the Mg-Al-Zn system have a number of requirements, one of which is the low cost of alloys. This excludes the use of expensive and scarce rare-earth metals (Nd, La, Y) as alloying additives that have been shown to be effective in hardening magnesium alloys at ordinary and elevated temperatures [11][12][13][14][15][16]. Among the alkaline earth metals: beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium Materials 2022, 15, 4341 2 of 10 (Sr), barium (Ba), and radium (Ra), the most promising for the modification of magnesium alloys is Ca [6,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Alkaline Earth Metals on Structure Formation and Magnesium Alloy Properties

et al. 2022

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The main aim of this work is to improve the structure and properties of the magnesium alloy ML5 by modifying it with alkaline earth metals (ALM). The separate and joint influence of calcium and barium on the macrostructure and microstructure of the alloy of Mg-Al-Zn system was investigated. The qualitative and quantitative estimation of the structural components was carried out. Alkali earth metals were included in complex intermetallic phases and serve as additional crystallization centers. Modification of magnesium alloys with alkaline earth metals is established in an amount of 0.05 to 0.1 wt. % increased the bulk percentage of intermetallic phases by ~1.5 times, shifting them towards smaller size groups while simultaneously forming spherical intermetallic phases located in the grain centre and serving as additional crystallization centers. In this case, grain size reduction and significant refinement of the alloy structural components were provided. The dependency of the separate and joint influence of alkali earth metals on the castings complex of properties of the magnesium alloy has been established. Thus, a separate modification of the ML5 alloy provided the maximum level of its strength and ductility with the addition of 0.1% Ca or Ba. The modification of the complex (0.1% Ca + 0.1% Ba) of the magnesium alloy decreased the dimensions of its structural components 1.5 times and increased the strength of the alloy by 20%, the ductility by 2 times and the long-term heat resistance 1.5 times due to the formation of the intermetallic phases of the complex composition. Linear dependences were obtained that describe the influence of the characteristics of the structural components of the modified magnesium alloy on its mechanical properties. The developed technology for modifying cast magnesium alloys with alkaline earth elements provides an improvement in casting quality and allows the reliability and durability of responsible casting operation.

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Effect of Rare Earth Metals, Sr, and Ti Addition on the Microstructural Characterization of A413.1 Alloy

Cited by 15 publications

References 11 publications

Effect of Casting Processes, Rare Earth Metals, and Sr Addition on Porosity Formation in Al-Si Cast Alloys

Effect of Casting Processes, Rare Earth Metals, and Sr Addition on Porosity Formation in Al-Si Cast Alloys

Applications of Rare Earth Metals in Al-Si Cast Alloys

Influence of Alkaline Earth Metals on Structure Formation and Magnesium Alloy Properties

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