Effect of Rare Earth Ions on the Properties of Composites Composed of Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer and Layered Double Hydroxides

Wang, Lili; Li, Bin; Zhao, Xiaohong; Chen, Chunxia; Cao, Jingjing

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0037781

Cited by 25 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Meanwhile, the generated char residue and mixed metal oxide can protect the bulk polymer from air exposure and suppress the release of smoke [26][27][28][29]. Therefore, LDH has attracted considerable attention as a flame retardant and thermal stabilizer [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38]. In particular, Wang et al confirmed that MgAl LDH and CoAl LDH can efficiently improve the flame retardancy of PP [39,40].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Stability, Combustion Behavior, and Mechanical Property in a Flame-Retardant Polypropylene System

2017

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Abstract:In order to comprehensively improve the strength, toughness, flame retardancy, smoke suppression, and thermal stability of polypropylene (PP), layered double hydroxide (LDH) Ni 0.2 Mg 2.8 Al-LDH was synthesized by a coprecipitation method coupled with the microwave-hydrothermal treatment. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), morphology, mechanical, thermal, and fire properties for PP composites containing 1 wt %-20 wt % Ni 0.2 Mg 2.8 Al-LDH were investigated. The cone calorimeter tests confirm that the peak heat release rate (pk-HRR) of PP-20%LDH was decreased to 500 kW/m 2 from the 1057 kW/m 2 of PP. The pk-HRR, average mass loss rate (AMLR) and effective heat of combustion (EHC) analysis indicates that the condensed phase fire retardant mechanism of Ni 0.2 Mg 2.8 Al-LDH in the composites. The production rate and mean release yield of CO for composites gradually decrease as Ni 0.2 Mg 2.8 Al-LDH increases in the PP matrix. Thermal analysis indicates that the decomposition temperature for PP-5%LDH and PP-10%LDH is 34 • C higher than that of the pure PP. The mechanical tests reveal that the tensile strength of PP-1%LDH is 7.9 MPa higher than that of the pure PP. Furthermore, the elongation at break of PP-10%LDH is 361% higher than PP. In this work, the synthetic LDH Ni 0.2 Mg 2.8 Al-LDH can be used as a flame retardant, smoke suppressant, thermal stabilizer, reinforcing, and toughening agent of PP products.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Stability, Combustion Behavior, and Mechanical Property in a Flame-Retardant Polypropylene System

2017

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“…Furthermore, since the composition of the metal layers of LDHs can be varied, there are enormous potential applications as flame retardants [11]. Based on the above advantages of LDHs, we have paid significant attention to the design and preparation of LDHs as a non-halogenated additive of EVA [12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…LDHs, we have paid significant attention to the design and preparation of LDHs as a nonhalogenated additive of EVA [12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame Retardance and Smoke Suppression of CFA/APP/LDHs/EVA Composite

Wang

Shi

et al. 2016

Applied Sciences

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Abstract:A new intumescent flame-retardants (IFR) system including the charing-foaming agent (CFA), ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and modified-layered double hydroxides (LDHs) with different transition metals (Ni, Co, Cu) were used in the ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) matrix. Both the limiting oxygen index and the vertical burning tests indicate that the CFA/APP system and LDHs have significant synergistic flame retardant effects. The morphology of combustion residues indicates that the many pores of residues can prevent the melt dripping. The thermal analysis shows that the flame retardants obviously enhanced the thermal degradation temperature of ethylene-based chains of the composites. The cone calorimeter test reveals that the CO 2 and combustion residues have an important influence on the reduction of heat release rate (HRR), the smoke production rate (SPR), the production rate and the mean release yield of CO. The composite containing Cu (ELDH-Cu) delivers an 82% reduction in peak heat release rate, while ELDH-Ni has the best CO suppression among all composites. This work not only confirms the flame retardance and smoke suppression of CFA/APP/LDH/EVA, but also provides an effective method for producing new flame retardants and smoke suppressants.

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“…For instance, impulsive action reflects a disorder of dysregulation of action associated with diminished inhibitory control, whereas impulsive choice could be a motivational style (delay aversion) associated with fundamental alterations in reward mechanisms [12]. Moreover, neither in rats nor humans was impulsive action related to impulsive choice [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impulsive Action but Not Impulsive Choice Determines Problem Gambling Severity

et al. 2012

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BackgroundImpulsivity is a hallmark of problem gambling. However, impulsivity is not a unitary construct and this study investigated the relationship between problem gambling severity and two facets of impulsivity: impulsive action (impaired ability to withhold a motor response) and impulsive choice (abnormal aversion for the delay of reward).MethodsThe recruitment includes 65 problem gamblers and 35 normal control participants. On the basis of DSM-IV-TR criteria, two groups of gamblers were distinguished: problem gamblers (n = 38) and pathological gamblers (n = 27) with similar durations of gambling practice. Impulsive action was assessed using a response inhibition task (the stop-signal task). Impulsive choice was estimated with the delay-discounting task. Possible confounds (e.g., IQ, mood, ADHD symptoms) were recorded.ResultsBoth problem and pathological gamblers discounted reward at a higher rate than their controls, but only pathological gamblers showed abnormally low performance on the most demanding condition of the stop-signal task. None of the potential confounds covaried with these results.ConclusionsThese results suggest that, whereas abnormal impulsive choice characterizes all problem gamblers, pathological gamblers' impairments in impulsive action may represent an important developmental pathway of pathological gambling.

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Effect of Rare Earth Ions on the Properties of Composites Composed of Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer and Layered Double Hydroxides

Cited by 25 publications

References 56 publications

Thermal Stability, Combustion Behavior, and Mechanical Property in a Flame-Retardant Polypropylene System

Thermal Stability, Combustion Behavior, and Mechanical Property in a Flame-Retardant Polypropylene System

Flame Retardance and Smoke Suppression of CFA/APP/LDHs/EVA Composite

Impulsive Action but Not Impulsive Choice Determines Problem Gambling Severity

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