Effect of Rainwater and Seawater on the Permittivity of Denim Jean Substrate and Performance of UWB Eye-Shaped Antenna

Abstract

Abstract-The effect of rainwater and seawater on the permittivity of denim jean substrate and performance of an ultrawideband (UWB) eye-shaped textile antenna is investigated in this letter. For the simulated and measured reflection coefficients in dry condition, it was found that the antenna operates at 2.4-10.9 and 1.6-12 GHz, respectively, with the simulated gain between 3.2 and 5.8 dBi from 2 to 12 GHz with efficiencies greater than 50%. The antenna can operate at the entire range in dry conditions when 10 dB, but with limited performance under wet conditions. However, it cannot be used when immersed in rainwater and seawater. From the investigation, it can be shown that the permittivities of denim jean substrate under wet and immersed conditions are proportional to the permittivities of the absorbed medium (rainwater or seawater) at 2-12 GHz.

Circular Polarization Textile Antenna for GPS Application

“…It is a polyester base material coated using nickel and copper. Meanwhile, felt is chosen as the substrate due to the thickness of 1.7 mm which respectively larger than other wearable textile such as denim jean (0.7 mm) [3], cotton fabric (0.5 mm) [4], and flannel fabric (1 mm) [2]. Theoretically, the larger substrate fabric thickness provides a wide bandwidth for the antenna design.…”

“…The interest in implementing textile technology as a wearable antenna for on body communication has gained huge attention since the fabric material does not force the wearer to abandon the comfort zone [2]. Moreover, the advantages of textile antenna are light weight, easy to integrate with clothes, and low implementation cost as compared to the conventional microstrip antenna [3].…”

“…In this work, felt fabric is used as substrates and the real permittivity has been measured and discussed more in the following section. The other available fabric for wearable antenna is foam, flannel fabric, denim jeans, and cotton [1][2][3][4].…”

CPW-fed flexible monopole antenna with H and two concentric C slots on textile substrate, backed by EBG for WBAN

“…In this research, Jeans fabric is carefully chosen as the substrate material, it is considered to be flexible, inelastic with low conductivity, and very common everywhere. Jeans fabric have dielectric constant of 1.7 and dielectric loss tangent of 0.023, the detail procedure for the determination of the dielectric properties of the fabric materials is presented in the study by Agarwal et al A single side conductive copper foil is considered for the patch metallization.…”

A CPW Fed Denim Based Wearable Antenna With Dual Band-Notched Characteristics for Uwb Applications

“…Because of these advantages, wearable textile antennas have a wide range of applications in the area of medical stream [3][4][5], public safety [6], emergency rescue systems [7], navigation [8], entertainment, aeronautics, tracking a person in defense and mining [9,10] and have also found a solution for the implementation of wireless body area network (WBAN) [2,[11][12][13], on-offbody [14][15][16][17], and Body Centric wireless communications (BCWC) [18][19][20]. In open literature, several topologies have been presented for the development of the wearable textile antennas which include 3D printing technology [21,22], PIFA [11,23,24], IIFA [25], Substrate Integrated Waveguide technology (SIW) [14,16,26,27], aperture coupled [28,29], microstrip patch [16,17], CPW fed [2,21,30,31], EGB based [4,32,33], meta material based [34,35], and cavity based textile antennas [36,37].…”