Effect of Quenching and Tempering Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of CSS-42L Bearing Steel

Yu, Xingfu; Shen, Xiangyang; Wang, Shisu; Su, Yong; Zhao, Wenzeng; Wei, Yuhan

doi:10.1007/s11665-022-06677-9

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Finally, after tempering at 580 °C, the hardness is 453.8 HV. Although it conforms to the law of secondary hardening, the hardness is greatly reduced [20].…”

Section: Dsc and Tempering Hardnessmentioning

confidence: 88%

Carbide precipitation during tempering of hybrid steel 60

Zheng,

Lei,

Huang

et al. 2024

Mater. Res. Express

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The effects of carbide precipitation on mechanical performance of Hybrid Steel 60, known as a novel bearing steel, have not been investigated. In this study, the austenite transformation temperatures of Hybrid Steel 60 during heating were revealed by the thermal expansion curve. The temperature and effective activation energy of the second phase precipitation were determined by the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) curve. Different solid solution structures after austenitization were detected using various cooling rates. The solubility temperature was determined based on hardness and residual austenite content. The carbides precipitated at the peak temperature were qualitatively identified using XRD. It was discovered that the temperature points Ac1 and Ac3 of the steel were 786 ℃ and 864 ℃, respectively. In addition, the effect of solid solution temperature on quenching hardness is minimal, while the cooling rate has a greater impact on hardness, reaching a peak at 5 ℃/s. The primary carbide phase in Hybrid Steel 60 is the M7C3 and VC. When the temperature ranges from 500 ℃ to 550 ℃, M23C6 begins to precipitate. As a result, after tempering at 525 ℃, the hardness peak value reached 566 HV.

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“…Finally, after tempering at 580 °C, the hardness is 453.8 HV. Although it conforms to the law of secondary hardening, the hardness is greatly reduced [20].…”

Section: Dsc and Tempering Hardnessmentioning

confidence: 88%

Carbide precipitation during tempering of hybrid steel 60

Zheng,

Lei,

Huang

et al. 2024

Mater. Res. Express

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“…The strength and toughness values of the new steel are compared to values for other ultrahigh-strength steels and bearing steels, based on data collected from the open literature [14,15,[29][30][31][32][33]. Figure 9a shows a scatter plot of elongation versus tensile strength.…”

Section: Mechanical Properties Of the Developed Ultrahigh-strength St...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the newly developed test steel can achieve superior strength and toughness compared to those of previously reported ultrahigh-strength steels and bearing steels. The strength and toughness values of the new steel are compared to values for other ultrahigh-strength steels and bearing steels, based on data collected from the open literature [14,15,[29][30][31][32][33]. Figure 9a shows a scatter plot of elongation versus tensile strength.…”

Section: Mechanical Properties Of the Developed Ultrahigh-strength St...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Obtaining Excellent Mechanical Properties in an Ultrahigh-Strength Stainless Bearing Steel via Solution Treatment

Zheng,

Zhong,

Wang

et al. 2023

Metals

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A novel versatile ultrahigh-strength stainless bearing steel was prepared by first solution treating the steel at temperatures between 1000 °C and 1100 °C for 1 h, followed by performing cryogenic treatment at −73 °C for 2 h, and tempering at 500 °C for 2 h, with the cryogenic and tempering treatments being repeated twice. The microstructures were characterized using multiscale techniques, and the mechanical properties were investigated using tensile testing, as well as via Rockwell hardness and impact toughness measurements. Tensile strength was found to be independent of solution temperature, with a value of about 1800 MPa. In contrast, yield strength decreased from 1530 MPa to 1033 MPa with increasing solution temperature, while tensile elongation increased from 15.3% to 20.5%. This resulted in an excellent combined product of tensile strength and elongation for steels initially treated at 1080 °C and 1100 °C, with values of 33.9 GPa·% and 37.0 GPa·%, respectively. Furthermore, the steels showed excellent impact toughness, increasing from 37.0 J to 86.2 J with increasing solution temperature. The microstructural and mechanical investigations reveal that the excellent mechanical properties and impact toughness are related to three factors, namely (i) a transformation-induced plasticity effect, mainly attributed to a high volume fraction of retained austenite, (ii) a high strengthening capacity arising from a high dislocation density, and (iii) a synergistic effect due to cobalt additions and the nanoprecipitation of M2C and M6C carbides.

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“…[ 3–5 ] Researchers have shown significant interest in secondary hardening bearing steel, particularly CSS‐42L, due to its remarkable strength–toughness compatibility, exceptional corrosion resistance, high‐temperature hardness, and prolonged operational lifespan. [ 6–9 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[3][4][5] Researchers have shown significant interest in secondary hardening bearing steel, particularly CSS-42L, due to its remarkable strength-toughness compatibility, exceptional corrosion resistance, high-temperature hardness, and prolonged operational lifespan. [6][7][8][9] Currently, the prevailing heat treatment procedure involving solution treatment followed by deep cryogenic treatment (DCT) and tempering is commonly employed to attain a microstructure consisting of refined lath martensite, nano-M 2 C(M = Mo, Cr, Fe) precipitates, and residual austenite films. [10,11] This treatment approach serves to enhance the strength and toughness characteristics of the materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Microstructural Evolution on Mechanical Properties of Secondary Hardening Low‐Carbon High‐Alloy Bearing Steel

Wu,

Zhang

2023

steel research int.

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The hierarchical martensite structure of secondary hardening low‐carbon high‐alloy bearing steel at different solution temperatures is characterized in detail, and the effect of microstructural evolution on mechanical properties of the experimental steel is studied. The results show there are a large number of micron‐M6C at the boundary of the prior austenite grain when the solution temperature is 1,000–1,025 °C, which is conducive to hinder the growth of the prior austenite grain and produces smaller packets that improve the yield strength of the material. At the same time, such micron‐M6C is prone to stress concentration when the material is subjected to an external force load, which can severely reduce the material toughness. The M6C completely dissolves into the matrix when the solution temperature exceeds 1,050 °C, and the packets size grows rapidly with the prior austenite grain size. At this point, the effect of packets on yield strength no longer dominates, and the rate of decrease in yield strength tends to be gradual. Under the comprehensive function of the micron‐M6C‐remelting, the martensitic blocks refinement, the increased number of the Σ3 grain boundaries, and the growth of cracks can be hindered, and the toughness of material can be improved accordingly.

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Effect of Quenching and Tempering Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of CSS-42L Bearing Steel

Cited by 5 publications

References 24 publications

Carbide precipitation during tempering of hybrid steel 60

Carbide precipitation during tempering of hybrid steel 60

Obtaining Excellent Mechanical Properties in an Ultrahigh-Strength Stainless Bearing Steel via Solution Treatment

Effect of Microstructural Evolution on Mechanical Properties of Secondary Hardening Low‐Carbon High‐Alloy Bearing Steel

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