“…However, it is very hard to find research papers about punching the polymer composite structures. Zain et al [19] tested the effect of the puncher profile on the precision of punched holes. Chan et al [20] tested the influence of die clearance on the perforation load and hole quality.…”
Section: Perforation Of Vacuum Conveyor Belts With Punchingmentioning
Due to the improvement of the mechanical properties of polymer composite belts used in vacuum belt conveyors, its perforation process causes a lot of technical issues for manufacturers worldwide. The objective of this paper is to analyze the belt punching process with two cutting edges and present the influence of the piercing punch shape on the perforation force. Based on the analysis, the analytical stress model was derived and validated by using both empirical and FEM tests. The application of the proposed model was proved by presenting the methodology used to estimate the perforation force for the flat piercing punch based on the mechanical properties of the belt obtained from simple strength tests (uniaxial tension, compression, and shear), with an error between 4 and 15%. In this report, the analysis of the piercing punch profiles was made and eight different piercing punch profiles were tested. Presented results confirmed that the spherical bowl punch may be considered as a most effective tool for belt punching, because it reduced the perforation force by 60% and the precision of the created holes was the best among the tested punch profiles for all three groups of polymer composite belts. By combining the obtained results, in the form of shape factors β, with the perforation force approximation model, it is possible to calculate peak force value for the specified tool profile and belt type and use this data in the design process of the punching dies.
“…However, it is very hard to find research papers about punching the polymer composite structures. Zain et al [19] tested the effect of the puncher profile on the precision of punched holes. Chan et al [20] tested the influence of die clearance on the perforation load and hole quality.…”
Section: Perforation Of Vacuum Conveyor Belts With Punchingmentioning
Due to the improvement of the mechanical properties of polymer composite belts used in vacuum belt conveyors, its perforation process causes a lot of technical issues for manufacturers worldwide. The objective of this paper is to analyze the belt punching process with two cutting edges and present the influence of the piercing punch shape on the perforation force. Based on the analysis, the analytical stress model was derived and validated by using both empirical and FEM tests. The application of the proposed model was proved by presenting the methodology used to estimate the perforation force for the flat piercing punch based on the mechanical properties of the belt obtained from simple strength tests (uniaxial tension, compression, and shear), with an error between 4 and 15%. In this report, the analysis of the piercing punch profiles was made and eight different piercing punch profiles were tested. Presented results confirmed that the spherical bowl punch may be considered as a most effective tool for belt punching, because it reduced the perforation force by 60% and the precision of the created holes was the best among the tested punch profiles for all three groups of polymer composite belts. By combining the obtained results, in the form of shape factors β, with the perforation force approximation model, it is possible to calculate peak force value for the specified tool profile and belt type and use this data in the design process of the punching dies.
“…z transportowaną żywnością. Aby temu zapobiec, wielu producentów zaleca perforację pasów w miejscach, w których nie ma wzmocnienia [6,[15][16][17][18][19]. Problemem są włókna aramidowe, które zwiększają zużycie narzędzia tnącego i wymagają jego bardzo wysokiej twardości.…”
Section: Metody Perforacji Pasów Kompozytowychunclassified
“…Prosta kinematyka procesu ułatwia jego automatyzację, a koszt obróbki jest uzależniony jedynie od kosztu wykrojnika. Oczywiście otwory wykonywane metodą wykrawania nie są wolne od wad i kluczowe znaczenie ma tutaj odpowiedni dobór narzędzi oraz parametrów procesu [15][16][17][18][19].…”
Section: Podsumowanieunclassified
“…Niewiele jest publikacji i badań naukowych na temat wykrawania materiałów kompozytowych [18,19], podczas gdy proces wykrawania metali i ich stopów jest szeroko i dokładnie opisany. Można znaleźć wytyczne dotyczące zarówno konstruowania wykrojników, jak i doboru parametrów procesu, dzięki czemu ten rodzaj obróbki plastycznej jest popularny w produkcji elementów metalowych [16,17].…”
Section: Problemy Z Perforowaniem Pasów I Taśm Przenośnikowych Metodąunclassified
“…Stanowi to główną przyczynę rzadkiego wykorzystywania wykrawania w przypadku kompozytów. Wbrew pozorom, proces ten jest bardzo złożony, a na jakość wykonywanych otworów i wartość siły perforacji ma wpływ wiele parametrów: geometria narzędzia, wartość luzu między stemplem i matrycą, prędkość i temperatura stempla, grubość i rodzaj materiału obrabianego, zużycie narzędzia, tarcie oraz docisk wykrawanego materiału [15][16][17][18][19]. W literaturze daje się zauważyć brak badań dotyczą-cych perforacji kompozytowych pasów i taśm przenośni- oraz określenie efektywnych parametrów procesu wykrawania dla pasów z rdzeniem poliamidowym oraz pasów wzmacnianych włóknami aramidowymi.…”
Section: Problemy Z Perforowaniem Pasów I Taśm Przenośnikowych Metodąunclassified
Przedstawiono analizę metod perforacji polimerowych pasów kompozytowych z uwzględnieniem współczesnych tendencji rozwoju materiałów stosowanych do produkcji pasów i taśm przenośnikowych do transportu podciśnieniowego. Dodatkowo poruszono problemy pojawiające się przy otworowaniu pasów oraz nakreślono obszar badawczy, którego realizacja przyczyni się do rozwoju procesów produkcyjnych pasów perforowanych. SŁOWA KLUCZOWE: pasy podciśnieniowe, metody perforacji, przenośniki pasowe, taśmy przenośnikowe, pasy kompozytoweThe analysis of suitable perforation methods for polymer composites belts with regard to modern material trends in manufacturing the conveyor and timing belts for the vacuum transport was presented. Authors also discussed problems, that arise during belt perforation and specified the research area, which will help to develop the production process of perforated belts.
In this study, interleaving electrospun Nylon 6.6 nanofibers in the laminate was utilized to improve interlaminar properties of glass/epoxy composite during punching and as a solution to this issue. In order to do so, virgin and nano modified samples are produced and punched and the results are compared to determine the effect of nanofibers on the damaged area as well as the three‐point bending residual strength (carried out on both penetration and exit sides) of the punched laminate. Furthermore, punch—die clearance was also varied to investigate the range in which the nano modification improves the outcome of the process on the laminated composite. According to results of this study, using of Nylon 6.6 nanofibers between composite layers causes significant decrease in the damaged area up to 50%. Also, in both virgin and nano modified laminates, increasing the punch—die clearance increases the damaged area up to 50% and reduces the residual strength of the laminates up to 17%. In addition, nano modified laminates, the residual strength increased up to 28% and 22% for three‐point bending tests carried out on both punch penetration‐ and exit‐side samples, respectively. This is due to the fact that the punch exit‐side contains more damage compared to the penetration‐side.Highlights
Toughening glass/epoxy laminates using electrospoon Nylon 6.6 nanofibers.
Decreasing the damage area occur in the punching of composite laminates.
Decreasing the damage area in punching by decreasing the punch‐die clearance.
Increasing the strength of punched laminates by applying nanofibers.
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