Effect of Pulsed Low-Power Ultrasound on Growing Tissues

Dj, Pizzarello; Vivino, Alfred A.; Newall, J; Wolsky, Alexander

doi:10.1159/000162899

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The effects reported by Pizzarello et al [5] were striking. Mean weights for fetuses irra diated on the 3rd day of gestation were 0.15 of controls and on the 6th day of gestation 0.50 of controls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…In these replicate experiments, we have made every attempt to duplicate the condi tions in the original experiments [5] both in acoustic intensity and in method of applica tion of the radiation. With exposure condi tions as complicated as these, however, there inevitably will be large uncertainties in the effective levels of treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Replicates of these exper iments have been conducted and, in addition, exposures at 10 times the peak and average intensity were used. No effect on fetal weight, numbers of living fetuses or resorptions could be attributed to ultrasound at either exposure level.It was reported by Pizzarello et al [5] that exposure of rat embryos in utero to 1.5 mW temporal average, pulsed ultrasonic power causes a marked inhibition in the growth of the fetuses. This would be the lowest inten sity for which any biological effect has been observed in mammals.…”

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confidence: 96%

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A Test for the Effects of Low-Temporal-Average-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound on the Rat Fetus

Child¹,

Carstensen²,

Davis³

1984

Pathobiology

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In 1978, Pizzarello and co-workers reported that exposure of rat fetuses to diagnostic levels of ultrasound caused marked reduction in fetal weight. Replicates of these experiments have been conducted and, in addition, exposures at 10 times the peak and average intensity were used. No effect on fetal weight, numbers of living fetuses or resorptions could be attributed to ultrasound at either exposure level.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 96%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A Test for the Effects of Low-Temporal-Average-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound on the Rat Fetus

Child¹,

Carstensen²,

Davis³

1984

Pathobiology

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“…The techniques used throughout were as nearly as possible the same as those described by Pizzarello et al (4). In their experience, miniature flies resulted from exposures of 'growing larvae'.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a recent paper, Pizzarello et al (4) report the appearance o f 'apparently normally proportioned but very small flies' from a population of growing larvae which had been exposed to the field of a pulsed diagnostic ultrasound unit. The temporal average acoustic power delivered by the unit was estimated to be approximately 1.5 mW, which with the effective area of the transducer would convert to a spatial average intensity at the larvae of approximately 1.5 mW/cm2.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Test for ‘Miniature Flies' following Exposure of <i>Drosophila melanogaster </i>Larvae to Diagnostic Levels of Ultrasound

Child¹,

Carstensen²,

Davis³

1980

Pathobiology

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An attempt has been made to replicate an experiment which reported the appearance of ‘miniature flies’ after exposure of Drosophila melanogaster larvae to the field of a pulsed diagnostic ultrasound unit. No effects were observed with 1.5 mW temporal average acoustic power, the level of the original report. However, when temporal peak powers were increased by a factor of 10, approximately one fourth of the larvae failed to survive to the imago stage. No miniature flies were seen in the entire study.

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Auditory Evoked Potential Alterations Induced by Pulsed Ultrasound

Moore¹,

Pernoll²,

Norris³

et al. 1985

Archives of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery

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\s=b\ Diagnostic levels of pulsed ultrasound were applied abdominally over the uteri of pregnant rats for five minutes daily during the first 20 days of gestation. The average energy output of the ultrasound machine at the optimum focal length of the transducer (5.4 cm) was 7.2 mW /sq cm. Postnatal auditory evoked potentials demonstrated a significant alteration in the offspring of the treated animals when compared with similarly treated, but nonexposed controls. This alteration only occurred in the high frequency range. Neither light nor electron microscopy revealed significant morphologic alterations in the cochlear elements of the exposed offspring. Although a cochlear deficit occurred in a range known to be important to the rat's hearing, several issues make this data reassuring to clinicians using diagnostic levels of pulsed ultrasound: the total amount of ultrasound exposure was higher than would be expected with human use, the defect was mild, and the absence of clear-cut morphologic abnormalities may indicate the presence of a minimal, or even reversible, defect. (Arch Otolaryngol 1985;111:309-314) Used in extraordinary doses, there is little question that ultrasound has a deleterious effect on cellular structures and/or tissues.1"9 Indeed, this effect has been amply demon¬ strated in destruction of the laby¬ rinth, on growing tissues, on human lymphocytes, and in a host of other models.18 However, there is little question in the majority of these mod¬ els that the energy levels were suffi¬ cient to cause heating and thus destruction. Serious questions remain about the possible effects of lower energy levels through cavitation, reso¬ nance, or other more subtle effects.Thus, the question of whether ultra¬ sound exerts untoward effects at lev¬ els that may be reached during diag¬ nostic application continues to be of concern.10 The purpose of this report is to detail a portion of the work in progress in our laboratory concerning the effects of diagnostic levels of pulsed ultrasound. The hypothesis to be tested is that ultrasonic application to the fetus, even at levels that may be reached by diagnostic application, may have a demonstrable effect on the inner ear.Earlier work in our laboratories using the same methodology and equipment to be described below, demonstrated a statistically significant (P < .05) hearing deficit in ten animals sonicated in utero as compared with ten unsonicated controls at all auditory frequency levels tested (2,4,8,12, 16, and 20 kHz). Because this work indi¬ cated a possible effect of ultrasound on the fetus, the study was repeated using more animals, with the addition of even more stringent guidelines, bet¬ ter mensuration of the applied ultra¬ sound, and light and electron micro¬ scopic evaluation of the cochlear organ of Corti. MATERIALS AND METHODSTen Sprague Dawley (outbred) mature female rats were randomly divided into two groups of five control and five tobe-treated animals. All ten were placed in a light (14 hours) and dark (ten hours) cycled breeding room, and dai...

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Effect of Pulsed Low-Power Ultrasound on Growing Tissues

Abstract: Pulsed ultrasound at 2.25 MHz was delivered by a transducer having an average power output of 1.5 mW to a transplantable mouse lymphosarcoma for 5 min. The transplantability of the tumor was reduced. No change in mitotic index as a result of insonation was noted.

Cited by 4 publications

References 2 publications

A Test for the Effects of Low-Temporal-Average-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound on the Rat Fetus

A Test for the Effects of Low-Temporal-Average-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound on the Rat Fetus

Test for ‘Miniature Flies' following Exposure of <i>Drosophila melanogaster </i>Larvae to Diagnostic Levels of Ultrasound

Auditory Evoked Potential Alterations Induced by Pulsed Ultrasound

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