Effect of Providing Conditional Economic Compensation on Uptake of Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision in Kenya

Thirumurthy, Harsha; Masters, Samuel H.; Rao, Samwel; Bronson, Megan; Lanham, Michele; Omanga, Eunice; Evens, Emily; Agot, Kawango

doi:10.1001/jama.2014.9087

Cited by 115 publications

(138 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…Although one should treat sensitive self-reported data from adolescents with caution (Plummer, Ross & Wight 2004), it was encouraging that strong evidence of an effect was also observed when assessing self-reported VMMC uptake at follow-up. The absolute and relative effects observed were similar to those observed for the middle-tier intervention group (US$8.75) in a 2013 trial assessing the effect of conditional economic compensation for VMMC uptake in Kenya (Thirumurthy, Masters & Rao 2014).…”

Section: Discussion and Actionable Findings For Policy Implementatiosupporting

confidence: 65%

“…Existing evidence has shown that demand creation interventions are urgently needed (Wouabe 2013;) and can effectively increase VMMC uptake (Thirumurthy, Masters & Rao 2014;Mahler et al 2011;DeCelles & Ndlovu 2013). This study contributes to literature on the effectiveness of sport-based HIV prevention at schools as a scalable, innovative approach for VMMC demand creation in Zimbabwe.…”

Section: Sport For Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Voluntary medical male circumcision uptake through soccer in Zimbabwe

DeCelles¹,

Kaufman²,

Bhauti³

et al. 2016

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The International Initiative for Impact Evaluation (3ie) is an international grant-making NGO promoting evidence-informed development policies and programmes. We are the global leader in funding, producing and synthesising high-quality evidence of what works, how, why and at what cost. We believe that better and policy-relevant evidence will make development more effective and improve people's lives. 3ie impact evaluations3ie-supported impact evaluations assess the difference a development intervention has made to social and economic outcomes. 3ie is committed to funding rigorous evaluations that include a theory-based design, use the most appropriate mix of methods to capture outcomes and are useful in complex development contexts. About this report3ie accepted the final version of this report, Voluntary medical male circumcision uptake through soccer in Zimbabwe, in November 2015 as partial fulfilment of requirements under grant TW3.09, issued under Thematic Window 3. The content has been copy edited and formatted for publication by 3ie. All of the content is the sole responsibility of the authors and does not represent the opinions of 3ie, its donors or its Board of Commissioners. Any errors and omissions are also the sole responsibility of the authors. Authors' affiliations listed in the title page are those that were in effect at the time the report was accepted. Any comments or queries should be directed to corresponding author Jeff DeCelles at j.decelles@grassrootsoccer.org. SummaryMake The Cut Plus (MTC+) is a short, sport-based intervention, delivered by Grassroot Soccer, that aims to increase demand for male circumcision among adolescent male students (aged 15 to 19 years) in secondary schools in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. MTC+ consists of a 60-minute soccer-themed educational session led by a trained 'coach', who was circumcised; information, education, and communication material on male circumcision; referrals and phone-based follow-up to interested participants conducted by the coaches; and soccer-based incentives to participants who completed VMMC. This study's objective was to determine if the MTC+ intervention could substantially and significantly increase demand for VMMC in secondary schools and whether the intervention is an effective, innovative and scalable solution to increasing uptake of VMMC. The study was constructed as a cluster-randomised trial to assess the effectiveness of MTC+. Twenty-six schools in Bulawayo were randomised to receive MTC+ at the start of a four-month trial (intervention) or at the end (control). VMMC uptake over four months was measured via cross-linkage of the trial participant database (n=1,226 male participants aged 14 to 20 years; median age 16.2) and clinic registers of Bulawayo's two free VMMC clinics (n=5,713) from 7 March to 6 July 2014, using eight identifying variables. The trial had more than 80 per cent power to detect an absolute difference of 5 percentage points in VMMC uptake.A process evaluation was conducted to explore perceptions of VMMC, perceptions and...

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Section: Discussion and Actionable Findings For Policy Implementatiosupporting

confidence: 65%

Section: Sport For Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Voluntary medical male circumcision uptake through soccer in Zimbabwe

DeCelles¹,

Kaufman²,

Bhauti³

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For example, incentivizing people to come to testing events may have the potential to increase turnout, based on research that small monetary incentives can increase rates of voluntary medical male circumcision and returning for HIV test results. 59,60 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of Home-Based Versus Outreach Event-Based Community HIV Testing in Ugandan Fisherfolk Communities

et al. 2016

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We compared two community-based HIV testing models among fisherfolk in Lake Victoria, Uganda. From May to July 2015, 1,364 fisherfolk residents of one island were offered (and 822 received) home-based testing, and 344 fisherfolk on another island were offered testing during 8 community mobilization events (outreach event-based testing). Of 207 home-based testing clients identified as HIV-positive (15% of residents), 82 were newly diagnosed, of whom 31 (38%) linked to care within 3 months. Of 41 who screened positive during event-based testing (12% of those tested), 33 were newly diagnosed, of whom 24 (75%) linked to care within 3 months. Testing costs per capita were similar for home-based ($45.09) and event-based testing ($46.99). Compared to event-based testing, home-based testing uncovered a higher number of new HIV cases but was associated with lower linkage to care. Novel community-based test-and-treat programs are needed to ensure timely linkage to care for newly diagnosed fisherfolk.

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“…Nevertheless, once the incentives were removed, engagement in care fell dramatically at the 18-month visit, suggesting that basic support would be needed to maintain clinical care continuity. High attrition may not be an issue with interventions that occur at a single visit (e.g., male circumcision) [40]; yet among sex workers it is imperative to link them to regular care and treatment for STI/HIV, requiring continual follow-up, which may not be easily attained without material motivators. At the same time, new research questions emerge: Are other combinations of incentives and conditionalities more effective?…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Punto Seguro: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Using Conditional Economic Incentives to Reduce Sexually Transmitted Infection Risks in Mexico

et al. 2017

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Randomized controlled pilot evaluated effect of conditional economic incentives (CEIs) on number of sex partners, condom use, and incident sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among male sex workers in Mexico City. Incentives were contingent on testing free of new curable STIs and/or clinic attendance. We assessed outcomes for n=227 participants at 6 and 12 months (during active phase with incentives), and then at 18 months (with incentives removed). We used intention-to-treat and inverse probability weighting. During active phase, CEIs increased clinic visits (10–13 percentage points) and increased condom use (10–15 percentage points) for CEI groups relative to controls. The effect on condom use was not sustained once CEIs were removed. CEIs did not have an effect on number of partners or incident STIs. Conditional incentives for male sex workers can increase clinical interaction and may reduce some HIV/STI risks such as condomless sex, while incentives are in place.

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Effect of Providing Conditional Economic Compensation on Uptake of Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision in Kenya

Cited by 115 publications

References 31 publications

Voluntary medical male circumcision uptake through soccer in Zimbabwe

Voluntary medical male circumcision uptake through soccer in Zimbabwe

A Comparison of Home-Based Versus Outreach Event-Based Community HIV Testing in Ugandan Fisherfolk Communities

Punto Seguro: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Using Conditional Economic Incentives to Reduce Sexually Transmitted Infection Risks in Mexico

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