Effect of proteins on the mineralization, microstructure and mechanical properties of carbonation cured calcium silicate

Crack Binding and Filling Properties of Modified Proteins in Sustainable Cementitious Materials

“…38 In a high-pH solution, the conformational and molecular structure of the proteins change through the breakage of hydrogen, hydrophobic, van der Waals, and disulfide bonds. Compared to other studies, 3,9 it was noticed that the negative surface charge exhibited by the proteins in this study is relatively low. The charge-screening effect due to the presence of Ca 2+ in SPS and the formation of complexes and agglomerates results in a lower negative charge of the proteins.…”

“…These proteins were purchased from commercial vendors. The native molecular structures of whey protein, albumin, NFMP, and SBI are reported to be globular, while CP is reported to have a fibrous structure. − The molecular weight and structure of these proteins have been studied in previous investigations. ,, The differences in the characteristics of these proteins and their availability are the reasons for including them in this study. Lignin is a hydrophobic phenolic compound found in biomass and possesses several functional groups including alcohol hydroxyl, phenol hydroxyl, and carboxyl groups capable of reacting with proteins to form protein–lignin complexes, hydrophobic networks, and hydrogen and ionic bonds .…”

“…Whey protein exhibited the lowest surface tension in all media, which is an indication of a higher content of hydrophobic groups in whey protein. 3,9 While albumin in SPS showed a lower surface tension compared to those of NSMP, SBI, and CP, in SPS-Lignin, these proteins had similar surface tensions. The pH of the solutions was measured to be above 13.…”

“…This is a result of the interaction between the molecular and functional groups of certain biomolecules and inorganic materials . The interaction between the biomolecules and the inorganic phase results in modification of the microstructure, which can lead to an enhanced macroscale performance of the biological composites . Inspired by nature, there has been a spurt of research on exploiting biocementation in a wide array of applications such as improving the mechanical properties of porous materials, enhancing the soil and sand performance, increasing oil recovery, and repairing concrete materials and limestone. , …”

“…2 The interaction between the biomolecules and the inorganic phase results in modification of the microstructure, which can lead to an enhanced macroscale performance of the biological composites. 3 Inspired by nature, there has been a spurt of research on exploiting biocementation in a wide array of applications such as improving the mechanical properties of porous materials, 4 enhancing the soil and sand performance, 5 increasing oil recovery, 6 and repairing concrete materials and limestone. 7,8 Concrete is the most widely used man-made construction material with high compressive strength but low tensile strength.…”