Effect of protein restriction of Angus cows during late gestation: Subsequent reproductive performance and milk yield

Valiente, Sebastián López; Maresca, Sebastian; Rodríguez, A. M.; Palladino, Rafael Alejandro; Lacau-Mengido, I.M.; Long, N. M.; Quintans, G.

doi:10.15232/pas.2017-01701

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Alternatively, cattle fed to 110% MP requirements gained weight and had higher DMI prior to calving. This supports findings from previous researchers that found protein supplementation improved BW gain in beef cattle during late pregnancy (López-Valiente et al, 2018;Larson et al, 2014;Stalker et al, 2014). Therefore, previous research supports the present findings that BW gain is reduced in cattle fed below protein requirements compared to meeting, or exceeding requirements.…”

Section: Cow Performancesupporting

confidence: 93%

76 Does supplemental protein and rumen-protected methionine improve performance and digestibility during late-gestation in beef cows?

Collins

Shoveller

Mandell

et al. 2019

Journal of Animal Science

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Methionine (MET) is likely the first limiting amino acid in low-protein forages fed to beef cattle during late-gestation. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine if supplemental protein and rumen-protected MET improve cow performance and apparent tract digestibility (TTD) during late-gestation. This study used 147 late-gestation Angus crossbred cows and heifers in a 3x2 factorial arrangement for dietary treatments. The cattle were randomly assigned to one of six diets formulated to 90, 100 or 110% of metabolizable protein (MP) requirements (NRC, 2016), with (without) 9 g/d of rumen-protected MET (MetaSmart, Adisseo Inc.). These diets were fed for approximately 8 wks before calving. All data was analyzed as a randomized block design using SAS 9.4 PROC GLIMMIX procedure. Cows fed at 90% MP requirements lost body weight (BW), while cows fed at 100% and 110% MP requirements maintained and (or) gained BW over the trial (P = 0.02). Similarly, cows fed at 90% MP requirements lost more pregnancy corrected BW than cows fed at 100% and 110% MP requirements (P = 0.01). However, supplemental MET did not affect body weight gains (P > 0.07). Cows and heifers fed at 90% MP requirements had reduced TTD for crude protein compared to cattle fed to 110% MP requirements (P < 0.001), MET supplementation did not impact TTD (P > 0.20). Additionally, cattle fed at 90% MP requirements had increased serum cholesterol and reduced urea concentrations compared to cows fed to 100% and 110% MP requirements (P < 0.0001). MET supplementation increased serum concentrations for glucose, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, serine, threonine and valine (P < 0.02). Calf birth weights were not significantly impacted by dietary treatment (P > 0.31). Feeding cows above their MP requirements may improve late-gestation performance and CP digestibility. Supplemental MET may increase amino acid utilization but did not improve beef cow performance or digestibility parameters measured in late-gestation.

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Section: Cow Performancesupporting

confidence: 93%

76 Does supplemental protein and rumen-protected methionine improve performance and digestibility during late-gestation in beef cows?

Collins

Shoveller

Mandell

et al. 2019

Journal of Animal Science

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“…Milk production was affected by dam age, and was in accordance with previous reports in multiparous beef cattle [ 14 , 30 , 31 , 32 ] and heifers [ 12 ]. In the present study, heifers produced 28.8% less milk than multiparous cows.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Age at First Gestation in Beef Heifers Affects Fetal and Postnatal Growth, Glucose Metabolism and IGF1 Concentration

Valiente

Rodríguez

Long

et al. 2021

Animals

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This study aimed to determine the effects of age at first gestation on offspring growth performance, glucose metabolism, and IGF1 concentration. Heifers impregnated by AI from a single bull at 15 months of age (15 M, n = 20), or 27 months of age (27 M, n = 20), and multiparous cows (adult, n = 20) were used. Dams from all groups were managed in a single group during gestation and lactation. Gestational length was longer in the 15 M and 27 M than in adult dams (p = 0.009). Bodyweight at birth, at weaning and ADG during lactation were higher in calves from adult dams than in those from 27 M dams, and higher in calves from the latter than in 15 M calves (p < 0.001). Calves from 15 M dams had an increased head circumference/BW ratio compared to calves from 27 M dams, while calves from this latter group had an increased ratio compared to calves from adults (p = 0.005). Body mass index was greater in calves from adults than in those from 15 M and 27 M dams (p = 0.002). Milk production from 15 M and 27 M dams was similar but lower than that from adults (p = 0.03). Calves born from adult dams had greater blood glucose concentrations than those from 15 M and 27 M dams (p < 0.05). Serum IGF1 concentrations were higher in calves from adults than in calves from 15 M and 27 M dams (p = 0.01). This study showed that age at first gestation affects offspring postnatal growth performance, glucose metabolism and IGF1 concentration.

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“…However, when 3-yr old beef cows were intentionally managed to calve at a BCS of 4 or 6, milk production was not affected by the decrease in maternal energy reserves available ( Lake et al, 2005 ). In other studies, late gestational protein restriction ( Valiente et al, 2018 ) or a high–low nutritional plane switchback design in late gestation ( Anderson et al, 1981 ) did not affect milk production in beef females. Similar to our results, mid- and late gestational nutrient restriction in primiparous ewes resulted in 22% less milk production ( Meyer et al, 2011 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Nutrient restriction during late gestation reduces milk yield and mammary blood flow in lactating primiparous beef females

Redifer,

Wichman,

Rathert-Williams

et al. 2024

Journal of Animal Science

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Fall-calving primiparous beef females [body weight (BW): 451 ± 28 (SD) kg; body condition score (BCS): 5.4 ± 0.7] were individually-fed 100% (control; CON; n = 13) or 70% (nutrient restricted; NR; n = 13) of estimated metabolizable energy and metabolizable protein requirements from day 160 of gestation to calving. Post-calving, all dams were individually-fed tall fescue hay supplemented to meet estimated nutrient requirements for maintenance, growth, and lactation until day 149 of lactation. Four-hour milk yields were collected on days 21, 42, 63, 84, 105, and 147 of lactation, and milk nutrient composition was determined. Doppler ultrasonography of both pudendoepigastric arterial trunks was conducted every 21 d from day 24 to 108 of lactation. Total mammary blood flow was calculated, and hemodynamics from both sides were averaged. Data were analyzed as repeated measures with nutritional plane, day of lactation, their interaction, calving date, and calf sex (if P < 0.25) as fixed effects. We previously reported that post-calving, NR dams weighed 64 kg less and were 2.0 BCS lower than CON, but calf birth weight was not affected. Milk weight and volume were 15% less (P = 0.04) for NR dams than CON. Milk protein concentration was lower (P = 0.008) for NR dams than CON, but triglyceride and lactose concentrations were not affected (P ≥ 0.20) by nutritional plane. Milk urea N concentration of NR dams tended to be greater (P = 0.07) on day 42 but was lower (P = 0.01) on day 147 of lactation than CON. Total milk protein, triglyceride, and lactose yields were less (P ≤ 0.05) for NR dams than CON. Total milk urea N yield was less (P ≤ 0.03) for NR dams than CON on days 21, 63, and 147 of lactation. Maternal heart rate was greater (P = 0.008), but pudendoepigastric arterial trunk peak systolic velocity, resistance index, and cross-sectional area were less (P ≤ 0.04) and pulsatility index tended to be less (P = 0.06) for NR dams than CON. Mammary blood flow was 19% less (P = 0.004) for NR dams than CON, but mammary blood flow relative to milk weight or dam BW were not affected (P ≥ 0.14) by nutritional plane. Most milk yield, milk nutrient composition, and mammary blood flow variables were affected (P ≤ 0.04) by day of lactation. In summary, first-parity beef females that were nutrient restricted during late gestation and then fed to meet estimated nutrient requirements during lactation had decreased milk nutrient yield and a similar reduction in mammary blood flow.

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Effect of protein restriction of Angus cows during late gestation: Subsequent reproductive performance and milk yield

Cited by 15 publications

References 35 publications

76 Does supplemental protein and rumen-protected methionine improve performance and digestibility during late-gestation in beef cows?

76 Does supplemental protein and rumen-protected methionine improve performance and digestibility during late-gestation in beef cows?

Age at First Gestation in Beef Heifers Affects Fetal and Postnatal Growth, Glucose Metabolism and IGF1 Concentration

Nutrient restriction during late gestation reduces milk yield and mammary blood flow in lactating primiparous beef females

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