Effect of protein-energy malnutrition in early life on the dimensions and bone quality of the adult rat mandible

Alippi, Rosa M.; Meta, Margarita; Olivera, María I.; Bozzini, Clarisa; Schneider, Peter; Meta, Isaac F.; Bozzini, Carlos E.

doi:10.1016/s0003-9969(01)00089-9

“…Therefore, the degree of malnutrition during the fetal or neonatal period can determine the extent to which there will be recovery of the nutritional status during the periods of growth and development. (6,19) Regarding the relationship between elastic fibers and surgical procedures involving the airways, new findings have emerged from recently attempted experiments involving tracheal the airways. (10,12,23) The nutritional status of several of these patients is abnormal; therefore, a deeper and more detailed understanding of the effects of malnutrition on the trachea is necessary.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Desnutrição materna durante a lactação em ratos Wistar: efeitos sobre as fibras elásticas da matriz extracelular na traqueia dos filhotes

Andrade

¹

,

Júdice

²

,

Cardoso

³

et al. 2012

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Objective: To investigate the effects of maternal protein malnutrition during lactation on the elastic fibers in the tracheas of Wistar rat pups. Methods: At delivery, 12 male pups of two Wistar rat dams were equally divided into two groups: control, in which the dam received water and standard rat chow ad libitum during lactation; and protein-restricted (PR), in which the dam received water ad libitum and an isoenergetic PR diet (8% protein). At 21 days of age, the pups were killed and their tracheas were excised. The elastic fibers were stained with Weigert's resorcin-fuchsin (after oxidation) and evaluated under light microscopy. Morphometric determinations were performed by stereology, with the point-counting method, and expressed as volumetric densities. Results: Elastic fibers, most having a longitudinal distribution, were identified beneath the tracheal mucosa. In addition, well-defined circular layers of elastic fibers were found around the inner and outer surfaces of the cartilaginous ring. There were no differences between the groups regarding the organization and distribution of the elastic fibers. The volumetric density of the elastic fibers of the pups in the control and PR groups was 2.46 ± 0.99% and 3.25 ± 1.13%, respectively (p < 0.01). Conclusions: The volumetric density of elastic fibers appears to be greater in rat pups breastfed by dams receiving a PR diet than in those breastfed by dams receiving a normal diet.Keywords: Trachea/growth and development; Trachea/anatomy and histology; Extracellular matrix; Airway remodeling; Malnutrition. ResumoObjetivo: Investigar os efeitos da desnutrição proteica materna durante a lactação sobre as fibras elásticas da traqueia de filhotes de ratos Wistar. Métodos: Ao nascimento, 12 filhotes machos de duas ratas Wistar foram igualmente divididos em dois grupos: grupo controle, cuja mãe recebeu água e dieta padrão de laboratório ad libitum durante a lactação, e grupo restrição proteica (RP), cuja mãe recebeu água ad libitum e dieta isoenergética com RP (8% de proteína). Aos 21 dias de vida, os filhotes foram sacrificados, e suas traqueias foram ressecadas. As fibras elásticas foram coradas pelo método de resorcina-fucsina de Weigert (precedido de oxidação) e avaliadas sob microscopia óptica. As determinações morfométricas foram feitas por estereologia, utilizando o método de contagem de pontos, e expressas em densidade volumétrica. Resultados: As fibras elásticas foram identificadas abaixo da mucosa traqueal, sendo a maioria em distribuição longitudinal. Além disso, camadas circulares bem definidas de fibras elásticas envolviam as superfícies interna e externa do anel cartilaginoso. Não houve diferenças entre os grupos quanto à organização e distribuição das fibras elásticas. A densidade volumétrica das fibras elásticas dos filhotes nos grupos controle e RP foi de, respectivamente, 2,46 ± 0,99% e 3,25 ± 1,13% (p < 0,01). Conclusões: Nossos resultados sugerem que a densidade volumétrica de fibras elásticas é maior em filhotes de ratos alimentados por fê...

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“…Alguns estudos relataram a diminuição do comprimento do fêmur após a desnutrição induzida tanto no período imediato (pós-natal) 23,24 quanto no tardio (após o período pós-natal). No presente estudo, o comprimento do fêmur de filhotes de ratas desnutridas apresentou-se, aos 90 dias de vida, diminuído.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Diante desses achados, reforça-se a evidência que a desnutrição proteica imposta durante os períodos críticos de desenvolvimento, leva a um déficit no crescimento do animal e que a gravidade dessa lesão está relacionada à fase da vida em que foi induzida, que são períodos determinantes para a formação óssea e o tipo de injúria 23,25 .…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Effects of physical exercise during pregnancy and protein malnutrition during pregnancy and lactation on the development and growth of the offspring’s femur

Monteiro

¹

,

Paes

²

,

Santos

³

et al. 2010

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Objective: To evaluate the effects of physical training of mother rats during pregnancy associated with a low-protein diet offered during pregnancy and lactation on the development and growth of the femur of their offspring.Methods: Forty 90-day old male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: pups of sedentary nourished mothers, pups of sedentary malnourished mothers, pups of trained nourished mothers, and pups of trained malnourished mothers; all groups included 10 rats. Physical training on a treadmill for 8 weeks, 5 weeks before conception and 3 weeks in the gestational period for mother rats of pups of trained nourished mothers and pups of trained malnourished mothers. Induction of low-protein diet to the mother rats during pregnancy and lactation for the groups of pups of sedentary malnourished mothers and trained malnourished mothers. After the pups were sacrificed, on the 90th day of life, we analyzed weight, length, and femoral bone mineral content.Results: Decreased body weight, femur weight, and femur length (p < 0.05) were observed for the groups of pups of sedentary malnourished mothers and trained malnourished mothers in comparison with to the groups of pups of sedentary nourished mothers and trained nourished mothers, respectively. There was no difference in bone mineral content of the femur in either of the groups. Conclusion:Mild physical training on the treadmill during pregnancy does not interfere with bone development and growth of the offspring. However, protein malnutrition during this period and during lactation promotes permanent damage to the bone structure of the offspring. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2010;86(3):233-238:Physical training, protein malnutrition, pregnancy, post-natal, femur. ResumoObjetivo: Avaliar os efeitos do treino físico imposto às ratas mães durante a gestação associado a uma dieta hipoproteica imposta durante os períodos gestacional e de lactação sobre o desenvolvimento e crescimento do fêmur da prole.Métodos: Quarenta ratos machos Wistar, 90 dias de vida, foram divididos em quatro grupos: filhotes de mãe sedentária nutrida, filhotes de mãe sedentária desnutrida, filhotes de mãe treinada nutrida e filhotes de mãe treinada desnutrida, todos com n = 10. Treinamento físico em esteira durante 8 semanas, 5 semanas antes da concepção e 3 no período gestacional para as ratas mães dos grupos filhotes de mães treinada nutrida e treinada desnutrida. Indução da dieta hipoproteica às ratas mães durante a gestação e lactação para os grupos filhotes de mães sedentária desnutrida e treinada desnutrida. Após sacrifício, no 90º dia de vida, analisou-se peso, comprimento e conteúdo mineral ósseo do fêmur dos filhotes.Resultados: Peso corporal, peso femoral e comprimento femoral diminuídos (p < 0,05) para os grupos filhotes de mães sedentária desnutrida e treinada desnutrida em relação aos grupos filhotes de mães sedentária nutrida e treinada nutrida, respectivamente. Não houve diferença no conteúdo mineral ósseo do fêmur em nenhum dos grupos. Conclusão:O treinamento físico leve em...

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“…Some studies have reported a decrease in the femur length after induced malnutrition both in the early period (postnatal) 23,24 in late (after the postnatal period). In the present study, the femur length of the pups of malnourished mother rats was reduced at 90 days of life.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on these findings, there is stronger evidence that protein malnutrition imposed during critical developmental periods leads to a stunted growth of the animal and that the severity of this deficit is related to stage of life during which it was induced, which are crucial periods for bone formation and type of impairment. 23,25 Protein malnutrition during pregnancy and lactation promotes permanent damage to the bone structure of the pups. However, the practice of mild physical activity performed by female rats during pregnancy does not intensify the changes in the bone structure of the malnourished offspring or promotes changes in the bones of nourished offspring.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repercussões do exercício físico durante a gestação e da desnutrição proteica durante a gestação e lactação sobre o desenvolvimento e crescimento do fêmur da prole

Monteiro¹,

Paes²,

Santos³

et al. 2010

J. Pediatr. (Rio J.)

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Objective: To evaluate the effects of physical training of mother rats during pregnancy associated with a low-protein diet offered during pregnancy and lactation on the development and growth of the femur of their offspring.Methods: Forty 90-day old male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: pups of sedentary nourished mothers, pups of sedentary malnourished mothers, pups of trained nourished mothers, and pups of trained malnourished mothers; all groups included 10 rats. Physical training on a treadmill for 8 weeks, 5 weeks before conception and 3 weeks in the gestational period for mother rats of pups of trained nourished mothers and pups of trained malnourished mothers. Induction of low-protein diet to the mother rats during pregnancy and lactation for the groups of pups of sedentary malnourished mothers and trained malnourished mothers. After the pups were sacrificed, on the 90th day of life, we analyzed weight, length, and femoral bone mineral content.Results: Decreased body weight, femur weight, and femur length (p < 0.05) were observed for the groups of pups of sedentary malnourished mothers and trained malnourished mothers in comparison with to the groups of pups of sedentary nourished mothers and trained nourished mothers, respectively. There was no difference in bone mineral content of the femur in either of the groups. Conclusion:Mild physical training on the treadmill during pregnancy does not interfere with bone development and growth of the offspring. However, protein malnutrition during this period and during lactation promotes permanent damage to the bone structure of the offspring.

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Effect of protein-energy malnutrition in early life on the dimensions and bone quality of the adult rat mandible

Cited by 30 publications

References 28 publications

Desnutrição materna durante a lactação em ratos Wistar: efeitos sobre as fibras elásticas da matriz extracelular na traqueia dos filhotes

Desnutrição materna durante a lactação em ratos Wistar: efeitos sobre as fibras elásticas da matriz extracelular na traqueia dos filhotes

Effects of physical exercise during pregnancy and protein malnutrition during pregnancy and lactation on the development and growth of the offspring’s femur

Repercussões do exercício físico durante a gestação e da desnutrição proteica durante a gestação e lactação sobre o desenvolvimento e crescimento do fêmur da prole

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