Effect of Protein Deprivation of Swine During All or Part of Gestation on Birth Weight, Postnatal Growth Rate and Nucleic Acid Content of Brain and Muscle of Progeny

Pond, Wilson G.; Strachan, D. N.; Sinha, Y. N.; Walker, E. F.; Dunn, J. A.; Barnes, Richard H.

doi:10.1093/jn/99.1.61

Cited by 100 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Many investigators (Baker et al, 1970a,b;Hesby et al, 1970Hesby et al, , 1972Hawton and Meade, 1971) have demonstrated satisfactory gestation in swine fed a fortified corn diet. Likewise, the effect of gestation diets almost devoid of protein (Pond et al, 1968(Pond et al, , 1969DeGeeter et al, 1972;Shields et al, 1980) have had only small effects on gestation performance. It is evident that the dam can utilize tissue resources of amino acids for the developing fetus (Shields et al, 1985).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Level of Protein and Supplemental Choline on Reproductive Performance of Gilts Fed Sorghum Diets

Maxwell

Johnson

Luce

1987

Journal of Animal Science

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A total of 214 gilts was used (two trials) to determine the effect of protein level and choline supplementation during gestation on weight gain, conception rate and subsequent reproductive performance. The gihs were fed either a 12 or 16% crude protein sorghum-soybean meal diet containing either a high supplemental choline level or no supplemental choline in a 2 • 2 factorial arrangement of treatments Conception rate was not influenced by either protein or choline level. Choline ~pplementation increased pig weight at 42 d of age (P<.14) and litter weight at 21 (P<.12) and 42 d (P<.I). Gilts fed the 16% protein diet produced larger pigs at 42 d (P<.13) and heavier litters at birth, (P<.l) 21 d (P<.14) and 42 d (P<.05) than gilts fed the 12% protein diet. A larger choline effect on litter size and pig and litter weight was observed for gihs fed the 12% protein diet than for those fed the 16% gestation diet, although the protein-choline interaction was not significant for any traits measured. The incidence of spraddle leg condition was low and was not affected by level of dietary protein or ~applemental choline.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Level of Protein and Supplemental Choline on Reproductive Performance of Gilts Fed Sorghum Diets

Maxwell

Johnson

Luce

1987

Journal of Animal Science

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“…of feeding, i.e., 0.45 kg d -1 from d 85 to farrowing (Ojamaa et al, 1980), or a severe protein deficiency (Pond et al, 1969), most of the studies (Yen et al, 1982;Hausman et al, 1991;Ruwe et al, 1991) reported no significant influence of gestational feeding (frequency, quantity, composition) both on birth weight or body composition of newborn piglets. The only exception is the fatty acids composition that can be influenced by the gestational feeding composition in fatty acids (Gerfault et al, 1999;Rooke et al, 2001) as has been observed in the current trial.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body composition and blood parameters of newborn piglets from Alentejano and conventional (Large White × Landrace) genotype

Charneca

Nunes

Dividich

2010

Span. j. agric. res.

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This study aimed to compare the body composition and some blood parameters [(glucose, albumin and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)] of newborn piglets farrowed by unselected Alentejano (AL) or conventional genotype [LargeWhite Landrace (LL)]. Carcasses (12 of each genotype) and blood samples were obtained from a total of 34 litters (18 AL, 16 LL). Gestation length was 4d shorter in AL sows compared with LL sows. When adjusted for birth weight, carcasses of AL piglets showed higher percentages of dry matter (P < 0.05) and crude protein (P < 0.01) and tended to have higher lipid content (P = 0.091) than carcasses of LL piglets. Relative to body weight, the AL piglets had heavier livers (P < 0.05) than LL piglets but glycogen content was similar in both genotypes. Longissimus dorsi muscle of AL piglets contained more protein (P < 0.01), but glycogen, DNA and RNA contents were similar in both genotypes. The blood from the AL piglets had higher levels of glucose (P < 0.01), albumin (when adjusted for birth weight) (P < 0.05) and IGF-1 (P < 0.05) than blood from the LL piglets. On the bases of body composition and studied blood parameters, AL piglets seem to be more mature at birth than LL piglets despite a shorter gestation lenght.Additional key words: body protein, energy stores, Iberian neonatal pig, maturity, plasma parameters. ResumenComposición corporal y parámetros sanguíneos de lechones Alentejanos y Large White × × Landrace recién nacidosEl objetivo de este estudio fue comparar la composición corporal y los parámetros sanguíneos [albúmina, glucosa y factor de crecimiento insulínico tipo 1 (IGF-1)] de lechones recién nacidos procedentes de cerdas de raza no seleccionada Alentejana (AL) y de genotipo convencional [Large-White × Landrace (LL)]). Se analizaron muestras de sangre y canal (12 de cada genotipo) de un total de 34 camadas (18 AL y 16 LL). Las cerdas AL presentaron gestaciones 4 días más cortas que las cerdas LL. Cuando se ajustaron para el peso al nacimiento, las canales de los lechones AL presentaron mayores porcentajes de materia seca (P < 0,05) y proteína bruta (P < 0,01) y tendieron a presentar un mayor contenido en grasa (P = 0,091) que las canales de los lechones LL. Con relación al peso corporal, los lechones AL tuvieron hígados más pesados (P < 0,05), pero su contenido en glicógeno fue similar en los dos genotipos. El múscu-lo Longissimus dorsi (LD) de los lechones AL contuvo más proteínas (P < 0,01) que el LD de los lechones LL. Sin embargo, el contenido en glicógeno, ADN y ARN fue similar para los dos genotipos. Los lechones AL presentaron mayores concentraciones plasmáticas de glucosa (P < 0,01), albúmina (ajustada para el peso al nacimiento) (P < 0,05) e IGF-1 (P < 0,05) que los lechones LL. A pesar de la gestación más corta, teniendo en consideración la composición corporal y los parámetros sanguíneos estudiados, los lechones AL parecen ser más maduros al nacimiento que los lechones LL.Palabras clave adicionales: cerdo Ibérico neonato, madurez, parámetros plasmáticos, proteína...

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“…Because of the physiological course of delivery, however, it is important to prevent overfeeding in the last 5 -10 days of pregnancy and it is common practice to rapidly decrease the nutrient intake 24 -36 h before farrowing. On the other hand, sows are able to mobilize their body deposits in order to ensure survival of foetuses in case of insufficient intake of proteins during pregnancy (Pond et al 1969;Pond 1973). However, inadequate rate of catabolism by the end of pregnancy and during lactation causes oestrous delay after weaning (Britt 1986).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Crude Protein Intake on the Duration of Delivery and Litter Size in Sows

2008

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Tydlitát D., A. Vinkler, L. Czanderlová: Influence of Crude Protein Intake on the Duration of Delivery and Litter Size in Sows. Acta Vet. Brno 2008, 77: 25-30.The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of different intakes of crude protein during the period from 94 to 100 days of pregnancy to the parturition, lengths of pregnancy and delivery, number and birth weights of piglets and concentrations of progesterone, 17-β estradiol and cortisol on days 100, 110 and 114 of pregnancy in sows. Daily feed intake of the sow represented 2.5 kg of complete mixtures containing 13% (group A, n = 23), 15% (group B, n = 52), 18% (group C, n = 10) and 21% (group D, n = 10) of crude protein. Lengths of pregnancy in experimental groups were not significantly different. The mean durations of delivery synchronously increased with the intake of crude protein; significant difference was found between groups A (4.5 h) and D (8.6 h) (p < 0.05). Total numbers of piglets in experimental groups were not significantly different. Numbers of live piglets decreased and numbers of stillborn piglets increased from groups A to D. Significant difference was found between numbers of stillborn piglets in group A compared to groups C, D; and group B compared to groups D, C (p < 0.05). The average birth weights of piglets did not differ between experimental groups. No statistical differences in hormone concentrations were found between experimental groups. High intake of crude protein in sows before parturition prolonged delivery and increased the number of stillborn piglets. , parturition, piglets, progesterone, 17-β oestradiol, cortisol Nutrition represents an important factor influencing reproduction in pigs. The amount of energy provided to the sow during pregnancy should be sufficient to cover the basic needs of the organism and demands of foetuses as well as mammary gland development. Thus, the metabolic requirements vary depending on the stage of pregnancy. Nutritional needs increase especially in the last third of pregnancy when the foetuses grow rapidly. The difference in the energy needs in the early and late gestation is about 3 to 12% of the maternal energy intake. The requirement of protein ranges from 7 to 41% of the maternal dietary protein intake (Noblet et al. 1985). For this reason it is desirable to increase the nutrient intake by 10% in sows and about 15% in gilts in the last month of pregnancy (Pond 1973). Greenhalgh et al. (1977) recommend the daily intake of 1.9 kg of mixture containing 9% of protein until day 80 of pregnancy and then to increase the content of protein to 12%. Because of the physiological course of delivery, however, it is important to prevent overfeeding in the last 5 -10 days of pregnancy and it is common practice to rapidly decrease the nutrient intake 24 -36 h before farrowing. On the other hand, sows are able to mobilize their body deposits in order to ensure survival of foetuses in case of insufficient intake of proteins during pregnancy (Pond et al. 1969;Pond 1973). However, inadequat...

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Effect of Protein Deprivation of Swine During All or Part of Gestation on Birth Weight, Postnatal Growth Rate and Nucleic Acid Content of Brain and Muscle of Progeny

Cited by 100 publications

References 16 publications

Effect of Level of Protein and Supplemental Choline on Reproductive Performance of Gilts Fed Sorghum Diets

Effect of Level of Protein and Supplemental Choline on Reproductive Performance of Gilts Fed Sorghum Diets

Body composition and blood parameters of newborn piglets from Alentejano and conventional (Large White × Landrace) genotype

Influence of Crude Protein Intake on the Duration of Delivery and Litter Size in Sows

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