Effect of prosthetic socks on the frictional properties of residual limb skin

Li, W.; Liu, X.D.; Cai, Zhenbing; Zheng, Jing; Zhou, Zhongrong

doi:10.1016/j.wear.2011.05.032

Cited by 28 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The results are strictly comparable with those found in similar works. 2,23,24 Also the deformation process of the real tissue is physically compatible to that observed in the simulation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Stress Reduction in the Residual Limb of a Transfemoral Amputee Varying the Coefficient of Friction

Restrepo

Villarraga

Palacio

2014

JPO Journal of Prosthetics and Orthotics

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A finite element computer model was used to validate the relationship between coefficient of friction (COF) and the shear stresses and pressures obtained at the socket/residual limb interface for four individuals with transfemoral amputation. This model simulated the process of donning the socket and application of loads during the stance phase of gait cycle. The residual limb was modeled as a solid multilayer (skin, fat and muscle) with hyperelastic properties. An experimental design was made to calculate the significance of hairiness, sweating, and texture factors in measuring the COF between polypropylene and skin with the help of a sclerometer; values were obtained from 0.188 to 0.545. It was demonstrated that the surface texture is significant when measuring the COF. On the results of the simulation, a horizontal strip where the greatest stresses and pressures occurred was identified; in this strip, the COF was varied from 0.2 to 0.6 to observe its effect on the distribution of stresses. The average shear decreased up to 25%, whereas the pressures did not vary significantly and the results do not exceed the value of 70 kPa, from which values are potentially harmful to the skin.

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“…The results are strictly comparable with those found in similar works. 2,23,24 Also the deformation process of the real tissue is physically compatible to that observed in the simulation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Stress Reduction in the Residual Limb of a Transfemoral Amputee Varying the Coefficient of Friction

Restrepo

Villarraga

Palacio

2014

JPO Journal of Prosthetics and Orthotics

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“…Typically, tribological studies on skin were related to cosmetics and the effects of skin care products [1][2][3][4] or dealt with dermatological questions concerning skin condition, ageing, skin injuries, wound healing and prosthetics [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Another category of studies investigated the role of skin friction, especially of the finger pad, in connection with the sense of touch [15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tribology of Skin: Review and Analysis of Experimental Results for the Friction Coefficient of Human Skin

2011

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In this review, we discuss the current knowledge on the tribology of human skin and present an analysis of the available experimental results for skin friction coefficients. Starting with an overview on the factors influencing the friction behaviour of skin, we discuss the up-to-date existing experimental data and compare the results for different anatomical skin areas and friction measurement techniques. For this purpose, we also estimated and analysed skin contact pressures applied during the various friction measurements. The detailed analyses show that substantial variations are a characteristic feature of friction coefficients measured for skin and that differences in skin hydration are the main cause thereof, followed by the influences of surface and material properties of the contacting materials. When the friction coefficients of skin are plotted as a function of the contact pressure, the majority of the literature data scatter over a wide range that can be explained by the adhesion friction model. The case of dry skin is reflected by relatively low and pressureindependent friction coefficients (greater than 0.2 and typically around 0.5), comparable to the dry friction of solids with rough surfaces. In contrast, the case of moist or wet skin is characterised by significantly higher (typically [1) friction coefficients that increase strongly with decreasing contact pressure and are essentially determined by the mechanical shear properties of wet skin. In several studies, effects of skin deformation mechanisms contributing to the total friction are evident from friction coefficients increasing with contact pressure. However, the corresponding friction coefficients still lie within the range delimited by the adhesion friction model. Further research effort towards the analysis of the microscopic contact area and mechanical properties of the upper skin layers is needed to improve our so far limited understanding of the complex tribological behaviour of human skin.

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“…Water or moisture commonly increases the friction at the skin-textile interface by a factor of 1.5-7 compared to dry friction [12]. Li et al [13] found that wool and nylon prosthetic socks had higher friction coefficients due to their coarse knitting weave surfaces and hard protruding textile fibres, while lower friction coefficients and less discomfort sensations were observed for cotton and silk socks due to their soft and smooth surface features. Baussan et al [14] discussed the influence of fabric structures on the prevention of blisters by measuring the friction of various running socks and concluded that terry jersey socks generate relatively low friction due to their compact and homogeneous surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vivo Measurement of the Friction Between Human Skin and Different Medical Compression Stockings

Rotaru

et al. 2015

Tribol Lett

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The friction behaviour of five medical compression stockings (MCSs) against forearm skin was investigated in vivo as a function of normal load under dry and wet conditions. In addition, the interfacial moisture transport and skin hydration were analysed to understand the influence on friction. The friction coefficients of dry fabrics showed no significant differences between a traditional MCS and versions with modified material composition and base structure. Under wet conditions, the modified MCS fabrics showed considerably lower friction coefficients than the traditional MCS fabric. Changes in the material composition led to 20-30 % lower friction coefficients, different base structures to 50-60 % lower friction. The water transport properties of the MCS fabrics suggest that removal of interfacial water is useful for reducing the friction between MCSs and skin. The results provide information for the optimisation of MCSs regarding improved comfort and moisture transport properties.

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Effect of prosthetic socks on the frictional properties of residual limb skin

Cited by 28 publications

References 24 publications

Stress Reduction in the Residual Limb of a Transfemoral Amputee Varying the Coefficient of Friction

Stress Reduction in the Residual Limb of a Transfemoral Amputee Varying the Coefficient of Friction

Tribology of Skin: Review and Analysis of Experimental Results for the Friction Coefficient of Human Skin

In Vivo Measurement of the Friction Between Human Skin and Different Medical Compression Stockings

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