Effect of propylene carbonate on the ionic conductivity of polyacrylonitrile‐based solid polymer electrolytes

Abstract

Solid polymer electrolyte membranes consisting of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) as a host polymer, ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) as a complexing salt, and propylene carbonate (PC) as a plasticizer were prepared by a solution casting technique. An increase in the amorphous nature of the polymer electrolytes was confirmed by X‐ray diffraction analysis. A shift in the glass‐transition temperature of the PAN/NH4NO3/PC electrolytes was observed in the differential scanning calorimetry thermograms; this indicated interactions between the polymer and the salt. The impedance spectroscopy technique was used to study the mode of ion conduction in the plasticized polymer electrolyte. The highest ionic conductivity was found to be 7.48 × 10−3 S/cm at 303 K for 80 mol % PAN, 20 mol % NH4NO3, and 0.02 mol % PC. The activation energy of the plasticized polymer electrolyte (80 mol % PAN/20 mol % NH4NO3/0.02 mol % PC) was found to be 0.08 eV; this was considerably lower than that of the film without the plasticizers. The dielectric behavior of the electrolyte is discussed in this article. A literature survey indicated that the synthesis and characterization of ammonium‐salt‐doped, proton‐conducting polymer electrolytes based on PAN has been rare. The use of the best composition membrane (80 mol % PAN/20 mol % NH4NO3/0.02 mol % PC) proton battery was constructed and evaluated. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41743.

New solid polymer electrolytes (PEO20–LiTDI–SN) for lithium batteries: structural, thermal and ionic conductivity studies

“…The crystallinity of the 30 wt% SN is significantly lower compared with other electrolyte films. This decrease in the crystallinity caused a reduction in the energy barrier to the segmental motion of the polymer electrolyte [22]. Figure 4 shows the DSC thermograms of pure PEO, PEO 20 -LiTDI, PEO 20 -LiTDI-20 % SN and PEO 20 -LiTDI-30 % SN polymer electrolytes in the temperature range -100 to 100°C.…”

Biopolymer-Based Electrolytes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: A Critical Review

“…This prevention results in higher transportation of triiodide toward the counter electrode and a higher rate of reduction from triiodide to iodide ions. Furthermore, the presence of ILs also augments the diffusivity and conductivity by decreasing the viscosity and crystalline nature of polymer matrix by forming complexation with polymer chains. , Thermal analysis and XRD analysis confirmed that the presence of ILs lowers the glass transition temperature and crystalline intensity of the gel. This increment of amorphous percentages of gel and reduction of viscosity promotes the spreading of polymer over photoanode yielding a longer electron lifetime. ,, The combined effect of aforementioned properties of ILs enhances the performance of biopolymer electrolytes with the increment of ILs concentration as displayed in Figure a.…”

“…Furthermore, the presence of ILs also augments the diffusivity and conductivity by decreasing the viscosity and crystalline nature of polymer matrix by forming complexation with polymer chains. 290,409 Thermal analysis and XRD analysis confirmed that the presence of ILs lowers the glass transition temperature and crystalline intensity of the gel. This increment of amorphous percentages of gel and reduction of viscosity promotes the spreading of polymer over photoanode yielding a longer electron lifetime.…”

Polymer electrolyte based dye-sensitized solar cell with rice starch and 1-methyl-3-propylimidazolium iodide ionic liquid

“…The T g in RNa-9 decreases after addition of ionic liquid maybe due to increase of polymer flexibility, higher amorphous phase, and possibility of reduction in the internal viscosity due to addition of MPII ionic liquid [30,31].…”