Effect of proline-enriched abalone feed on selected metabolite levels of slow-growing adultHaliotis midae

Abstract

Abalone is currently considered South Africa's most successfully produced aquaculture export product, with a 76% share of the total value generated by the aquaculture sector. A major risk factor for this sector is slow growth rates experienced during farming. Abalone feeds are often supplemented with amino acids in an attempt to enhance abalone growth. This is a first investigation of the effect of added proline to standard abalone feed, on the metabolite profile of slow‐growing abalone. A targeted liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry metabolomics research approach was followed to recognise the metabolic response of abalone showing slower growth performance. The addition of proline to the standard abalone diet was found to serve as a substrate for amino acid catabolism in slower growing abalone, by means of proline breakdown to assist with energy production via the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Other amino acids and urea cycle intermediates, that is, arginine, asparagine, ornithine and creatine further support energy production via the action of protein catabolism in slow‐growing abalone. Additionally, the importance of understanding how abalone respond metabolically to modified feed highlights the use of metabolomics to answer abalone aquaculture farming questions.

Effects of Clostridium butyricum on growth performance, metabonomics and intestinal microbial differences of weaned piglets

“…The significance of proline has been extensively exhibited to act a pivotal part in cell structure, anti-oxidative reactions, immune responses, energy metabolism and protein synthesis in more plentiful organisms [ 88 ]. The addition of proline to the standard abalone diets has been found to act as a substrate for the amino acid catabolism in slower-growing abalone, to utilize the decomposition of proline to aid in the generation of energy through the tricarboxylic acid cycle [ 89 ]. In our study, dietary C. butyricum increased the levels of 4-hydroxy-L-proline and 4-hydroxy-L-proline was positively correlated with body weight, suggesting that the proline metabolism pathway was disturbed.…”

Metabolite profiling of abalone (Haliotis iris) energy metabolism: a Chatham Islands case study

“…Understanding how the environment influences the metabolism and growth of abalone in fished populations is central to effective fisheries management (Naylor et al, 2006 ). Metabolic studies have previously been performed on juvenile or adult H. midae (Venter et al, 2019 ), H. iris (Grandiosa et al, 2018 ), H. fulgens (Tripp-Valdez et al, 2019 ) and H. discus hannai (Xu et al, 2020 ), yet metabolomics characterisation of a population to guide stock and fisheries management or translocation practises remains an untouched subject.

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Metabolite Changes of Perna canaliculus Following a Laboratory Marine Heatwave Exposure: Insights from Metabolomic Analyses

“…Two unique transitions were monitored per individual metabolite to provide spectral matching in addition to retention time, resulting in metabolite identities with the highest level of confidence [ 18 , 19 ]. To remove non-biological variation, the data were normalised using the mass spectrometry total useful signal normalisation method [ 20 ]. The data were generalised log transformed to alleviate the dependency of the variance on the compound concentrations [ 21 ].…”