Effect of processing time on removal of harmful emerging salt pollutants from saline-sodic soil during electrochemical remediation

Bessaim, Mohammed Mustapha; Missoum, Hanifi; Bendani, Karim; Laredj, Nadia; Bekkouche, Mohamed Said

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126688

Cited by 25 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Electrolysis refers to chemical reactions that involved with the electrical gradient near the electrodes [2,10]. Based on electrolysis theory, the following reactions occur: Anode: (6) Cathode: (7) At the vicinity of the anode, 2 electrons are provided by 2 chloride anions.…”

Section: Relationship Between Salt Concentration and Electrical Resis...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, disastrous environmental problems are caused by the intensification of urbanization, industrial and agricultural activities. Soil salinization is becoming one of the harmful environmental threats that are damaging severely the natural environment, agricultural crops, human health, building, facilities and water supply systems [1][2][3]; Salt affected soils are developing gradually in many areas of the world, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. Recent studies have reported that over one billion hectares of land are affected by soil salinization [4][5][6][7] with a porftential of 10 to 16% increase/year [8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Assessment and Correlation of Saline Soil Characteristics using Electrical Resistivity

Maliki¹,

Hadjadj²,

Laredj³

et al. 2023

J. Electrochem. Sci. Technol

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Soil salinity is becoming one of the most devastating environmental hazards over the years. Soil investigation involves fast, low cost and non disturbing methods to measure soil characteristics for both construction projects as well as for agricultural use. The electrical resistivity of saline soils is greatly governed by salt concentration and the presence of moisture in soil matrix. Experimental results of this investigation highlight that there is a significant relationship between the electrical resistivity of soil samples mixed with chloride solutions (NaCl, KCl, and MgCl 2 ) at various concentrations, and soil physical properties. Correlations represented by quadratic functions were obtained between electrical resistivity and soil characteristics, namely, water content, degree of saturation and salt concentration. This research reveals that the obtained correlations between electrical resistivity, salt concentration, water content and degree of saturation are effective for predicting the characteristics of salt affected soils in practice, which constitute a governing element in the assessment of saline lands sustaining infrastructure.

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Section: Relationship Between Salt Concentration and Electrical Resis...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment and Correlation of Saline Soil Characteristics using Electrical Resistivity

Maliki¹,

Hadjadj²,

Laredj³

et al. 2023

J. Electrochem. Sci. Technol

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“…from low hydraulic conductivity areas, particularly with high clay content [1]. In the EK method, DC electric potential is applied across the contaminated soil through electrodes, ions migrate toward the corresponding electrodes (i.e., anode and cathode) due to the electromigration, electroosmosis and electrophoresis [2]. Under the effect of DC electric potential, an electric current passes through the contaminated soil in three different ways: (a) liquid phase; (b) solid-liquid phase; and (c) soil and charged particles that are connected with each other [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of electroosmotic flow to enhance the removal of contaminants from low‑permeable soils

et al. 2023

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Electrokinetic is the effective method for the extraction of contamination from low permeable soil. This work examines the influence of calcium ions on the electroosmosis, and the effects of electric potential, current, and pH variation on the removal of Pb 2+ , Na + , and Clˉ ions from artificially contaminated soil during vertical electrokinetic experiments. The DC electric field of 1V/cm was applied across the soil specimen via steel mesh electrodes for 24, 48 and 72 hours of experiment. The outcomes show that the formation of acidic and alkaline environments in soil specimens affects the transport of ionic charge species by reducing the effect of electroosmosis.To enhance the electroosmotic flow, the anode reservoir filled with and without calcium chloride solution was examined. The enhancement of electroosmosis using calcium ions as an electrolyte increased the extraction efficiency of Pb 2+ and Na + ions instead of the Clˉ ions due to the high electroosmotic flow from anode to cathode. For relatively low electroosmotic flow, the removal rate of Clˉ ions was higher than the Pb 2+ and Na + ions. The results demonstrated that the extraction efficiency was increased with an increase in the treatment time. To avoid the dryness of the soil surface, wet sponges were inserted at the anode side, which connected with the electrolyte.

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“…To overcome the limitations posed by the methods mentioned above, in 1930, Puri and Anand, for the first time, applied electrokinetics on the field scale to reclaim low-permeable, saline soils [8]. Since then, electrokinetics have been extensively used to decontaminate salt and heavy metal-polluted soils [9][10][11]. In the electrokinetic method, the moist contaminated soil mass is sandwiched between the electrodes of opposite polarity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In previous studies, electrokinetic effects have been studied either by varying the treatment times only [10] or by changing the salt ions concentrations while keeping the treatment time fixed [19,42]. The overall aim of this study was to optimize the EK treatment time in clayey soils contaminated with different concentrations of NaCl using stainless steel mesh electrodes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of electrokinetic treatment time on energy consumption and salt ions removal from clayey soils

Hussain

Kamran

Hina

et al. 2023

Mater. Res. Express

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Electrokinetics effectively removes contaminants, but its field-scale applications are limited mainly due to its high energy cost. In previous studies, the energy consumption was determined either by changing the soil's specimens initial salt concentration while keeping the treatment time fixed or by changing the treatment time and keeping the same initial salt concentrations for all the specimens. Since both the initial salt concentration and treatment time are important parameters in determining reclamation cost, therefore, in this study, the soil specimens intentionally contaminated with different concentrations of sodium chloride (NaCl), i.e., varying from 3.7 to 15.5 g/kg, were exposed to a constant DC electric field of 1V/cm for different time durations, i.e., varying from 6 to 72 hrs. The results show that electroosmotic flow (EOF) was directed from the anode to the cathode and higher for specimens contaminated with relatively low salt concentration, i.e., up to 7.6 g/kg. Therefore, for these specimens, due to the combined effect of electroosmosis and electromigration, the removal of Na+ was higher than the Clˉ. However, for the specimen contaminated with a higher salt concentration, i.e., 15.5 g/kg, the Clˉ removal exceeded Na+ due to the marginalization of EOF. Regardless of initial salt concentration, the electroosmotic flow and salt ions removal rates decreased with increasing treatment time, which might be attributed to the development of acidic and alkaline environments in soil. The collision of acidic and alkaline fronts resulted in a large potential gradient in a narrow soil region of pH jump, diminishing it everywhere else. This nonlinearity in the electric potential distribution in soil reduced the EOF and electromigration of salt ions.

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Effect of processing time on removal of harmful emerging salt pollutants from saline-sodic soil during electrochemical remediation

Cited by 25 publications

References 34 publications

Assessment and Correlation of Saline Soil Characteristics using Electrical Resistivity

Assessment and Correlation of Saline Soil Characteristics using Electrical Resistivity

Optimization of electroosmotic flow to enhance the removal of contaminants from low‑permeable soils

Effect of electrokinetic treatment time on energy consumption and salt ions removal from clayey soils

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