“…To improve the surface roughness of the bond coat, a second rough MCrAlY layer, deposited using either APS or HVOF, was applied on the dense MCrAlY bond coat. For example, Nowak et al [7] reported that the double-layered bond coat, i.e., an inner HVOF layer and an outer APS layer, could substantially extend the lifetime of the APS TBCs, due to the more "micro-rough" surface. Nevertheless, the in-flight oxidation of MCrAlY particles during APS process could decrease the aluminum content as well as inhibit the Al outward diffusion, which may shorten the lifetime of the TBC system [8][9][10].…”