Effect of processing on the protection of highly degradable protein sources in steers

Abstract

The effect of heat treatment (125°C for 3 m), formaldehyde treatment (3.4g /100 g CP) or extrusion cooking on the protein disappearance and the effective protein degradability (EPD) of protein sources such as babul seed meal, coconut cake, dried poultry waste, guar meal, mustard cake, rape seed meal and tobacco seed cake in the rumen was studied by nylon bag technique using 4 fistulated steers fed at maintenance ration. Formaldehyde treatment was highly effective in reducing the EPD of babul seed meal, mustard cake, rape seed meal and tobacco seed cake. Heat treatment was effective in protecting the protein of rape seed meal, mustard cake and coconut cake. The effect of extrusion cooking in reducing EPD was low (5.96%) as compared to 31.8% in heat treatment and 39.2% in formaldehyde treatment. The dried poultry waste and guar meal were found to be resistant to different processing methods employed. Method of processing did not influence the nitrogen content of protein sources as there was no loss or gain in nitrogen content due to processing.

Evaluation of ruminal crude protein degradation of common feeds used in temperate climates

“…The amount of soluble fibre-bound CP (fraction B3) is calculated as the difference between the NDIN and ADIN. Fraction C is referred to as ADIN (Bovera et al, 2003) and is measured by estimating the nitrogen in the acid detergent fibre (ADF) residue (Parashuramulu et al, 2013) Protein is considered as basic feed component (Katsande et al, 2015) and knowledge of the kinetics of ruminal degradation of feed proteins is fundamental to formulatingdiets for adequate amounts of rumen degradable protein for rumen microorganisms and for the host animal (Kumar and Ravi, 2015). The CNCPS uses feed carbohydrate and protein degradation and passage rates to predict the extent of ruminal fermentation, microbial protein production, post-ruminal absorption and the total supply of metabolized energy and protein for the animal (Fox et al, 2004;Lanzas et al, 2008).…”