Effect of processed quinoa on performance traits, small intestinal morphology, and blood parameters of Ross broiler chickens

Abstract

Restrictions on access to important components of poultry rations such as corn and soybean meal are among the biggest issues in the poultry feed industry. Quinoa with a very high nutritional value can be a good alternative. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of processed quinoa seeds on performance, small intestinal morphology, and blood parameters of Ross broiler chickens. The present experiment was performed with 5 treatments, 4 replications, and 15 chickens per pen in a completely randomized design. Hydrothermal, extrusion, and expansion methods were used to process quinoa seeds. Apart from the control treatment, 15% of quinoa seeds were included in the other treatments. The studied traits were recorded. The general linear model procedure in SAS software was used to compare the means of treatments. The effect of processing methods on body weight, feed conversion ratio, total protein, uric acid, and blood cholesterol, villi height, crypt villi depth, and length to depth ratio of cryogenic villi of jejunum were significant (P<0.01). Quinoa processing improved its nutritional properties. In general, extrusion and expansion processing methods were more effective than the hydrothermal method in improving the quality of quinoa.

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“…These compounds are anti-nutrition factors because they reduce the ability to digest, which negatively affects the performance of impeding the growth performance of birds (Liu et al 2020a). Therefore, soaking contributed to the disposal of these inhibitors, as one study stated that treatment of quinoa seeds can reduce the negative effect of anti-nutrient factors and improve the morphological characteristics of broilers (Zeyghami et al, 2021). The reason for the increase in the feed consumption in favor of treatments to which percentages of raw and treated quinoa seeds are added compared to the control treatment may be due to the phenolic compounds that the quinoa seeds contain, which would smell aromatic and open the appetite, and thus the birds' appetite for eating larger quantities of feed (Christaki et al, 2020).…”

“…However, the containment of the outer shell of the seeds on some anti-nutritional substances in small proportions, the most important of which are saponins, phytic acid, and trypsin inhibitors, poses a fear of using raw quinoa seeds. It may affect the metabolism process by reducing the utilization of protein and digesting it well, as well as reducing appetite, destroying intestinal villi, and inhibiting the Immunofluorescence system in poultry, especially young birds (Zeyghami et al, 2021). Therefore, studies indicated preparatory treatments to contribute to increasing the use and benefit of the seeds, improving the nutritional value more, eliminating harmful nutritional inhibitors and the taste of soaking seeds.…”

Effect of using raw and treated quinoa seeds (Chenopodium quinoa) in the diets on some microbial, physical and chemical properties of broiler carcass

“…These facts encourage the use of these seeds as one of the components of the broiler's diet, The outer shell of the seeds contains some anti-nutritional substances in small proportions, the most important of which are saponins, phytic acid, and trypsin inhibitors, which pose a concern with the use of raw quinoa seeds, which may affect the metabolism process by reducing the utilization of protein and its good digestion, as well as reducing appetite, destroying intestinal villi and inhibiting the immune system in poultry. Especially young birds [11] .Therefore, studies indicated preparatory treatments to contribute to increasing the use and benefit of the seeds, improving the nutritional value more, eliminating harmful nutritional inhibitors and the taste of soaking seeds. Plus, the contribution of soaking to the germination process, leads to a high level of protein as well as phenolic compounds and vitamins and an increase in the bioavailability of amino acids inside the seeds [12].…”